Poland
Europe · Eastern Europe
Spearfishing (lowiectwo podwodne / amatorski polow ryb kusza) is legal in Poland but tightly regulated. It is treated as a form of amateur fishing under the Inland Fisheries Act of 18 April 1985 and its implementing regulation of 12 November 2001. A practitioner must hold a karta lowiectwa podwodnego (underwater hunting card), issued from age 18 after passing a state exam, plus a permit (zezwolenie) from the holder of fishing rights to the water. Only a muscle-powered crossbow firing a tethered harpoon is allowed; SCUBA/breathing apparatus is forbidden (breath-hold only); hunting is daytime-only; the diver must stay within 50 m of a yellow surface float of at least 5 litres buoyancy. On State-owned inland waters a closed season runs from 15 October to 15 May, and salmonids and eel may not be taken with a crossbow. Protection periods, minimum sizes and catch limits for individual species apply as for rod fishing.
Pungkasan diperbarui Juni 15, 2026
Kerangka hukum
- §Ustawa z dnia 18 kwietnia 1985 r. o rybactwie srodladowym (Inland Fisheries Act of 18 April 1985, consolidated)
- §Rozporzadzenie Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 12 listopada 2001 r. w sprawie polowu ryb oraz warunkow chowu, hodowli i polowu innych organizmow zyjacych w wodzie (Dz.U. 2001 nr 138 poz. 1559; consolidated text Dz.U. 2018 poz. 2003)
- Lisensi diwajibake
- Diwajibake
- Senapan panah
- Diidini
- Scuba
- Dilarang
- Wong manca
- Sugeng rawuh
- Maks senapan
- 1
Hukum, verbatim
Teks hukum
Ketentuan undang-undang lan regulasi sing tepat sing ngatur mancing silem ing kene, dikutip kaya sing diterbitake, kanthi tautan menyang saben sumber resmi.
Definition of amateur fishing including crossbow (spearfishing)
Ustawa o rybactwie srodladowym z dnia 18 kwietnia 1985 r.
Za amatorski polow ryb uwaza sie pozyskiwanie ryb wedka lub kusza, przy czym dopuszcza sie, w miejscu i w czasie prowadzenia polowu ryb wedka, pozyskiwanie ryb na przynete przy uzyciu podrywki wedkarskiej.
Card requirement and age for the underwater hunting card
Ustawa o rybactwie srodladowym z dnia 18 kwietnia 1985 r.
Amatorski polow ryb moze uprawiac osoba posiadajaca dokument uprawniajacy do takiego polowu, zwany dalej 'karta wedkarska' lub 'karta lowiectwa podwodnego' [...] Karte wedkarska oraz karte lowiectwa podwodnego wydaje starosta wlasciwy dla miejsca zamieszkania osoby ubiegajacej sie o karte, ktora zlozyla z wynikiem pozytywnym egzamin [...] Karte wedkarska wydaje sie osobie, ktora ukonczyla 14 lat. Karte lowiectwa podwodnego wydaje sie osobie, ktora ukonczyla 18 lat.
Crossbow specification, yellow float, 50 m radius, submersion and daytime-only rule
Rozporzadzenie Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 12 listopada 2001 r. w sprawie polowu ryb oraz warunkow chowu, hodowli i polowu innych organizmow zyjacych w wodzie (tekst jednolity Dz.U. 2018 poz. 2003)
kusza napinana sila miesni, miotajaca harpun na uwiezi, ktory nie moze miec wiecej niz 3 ostrza rozstawione w taki sposob, aby nie wykraczaly poza obwod kola o srednicy 30 mm [...] w promieniu nie wiekszym niz 50 m od ustawionego na powierzchni wody plywaka koloru zoltego o wypornosci co najmniej 5 litrow [...] kusza podczas napinania i zwalniania byla w calosci zanurzona w wodzie [...] wylacznie w porze dziennej: po uplywie godziny od wschodu slonca, nie pozniej jednak niz na godzine przed zachodem slonca.
Closed season and prohibited species for crossbow hunting on State-owned inland waters
Zasady uprawiania lowiectwa podwodnego (rules summarising the Inland Fisheries Act and 2001 Regulation as applied to State Treasury inland waters)
Na akwenach srodladowych podlegajacych ustawom panstwowym lowiectwo podwodne jest zabronione w okresie od 15 pazdziernika do 15 maja. [...] lowcom podwodnym nie wolno na akwenach srodladowych podlegajacych przepisom ustaw panstwowych polowac na ryby lososiowate i wegorze. [...] lowiectwo podwodne wolno w Polsce uprawiac tylko i wylacznie nurkujac na wstrzymanym oddechu, a wiec bez uzycia aparatow do oddychania pod woda.
Kapan sampeyan bisa nyilem
Musim & watesan wektu
Periode tutup, buka, lan diwatesi sajrone setaun. Tansah konfirmasikake penutupan spesifik spesies sacara lokal.
- TutupUnderwater hunting (crossbow) on State Treasury inland watersOkt 15 – Mei 15
On inland waters subject to State law, underwater hunting with a crossbow is prohibited from 15 October to 15 May; the open season is effectively 16 May to 14 October.
- DiwatesiDaily time window for crossbow hunting
Crossbow hunting is permitted only in daytime: from one hour after sunrise until one hour before sunset (po uplywie godziny od wschodu slonca, nie pozniej niz na godzine przed zachodem slonca).
Izin kanggo mancing
Lisensi
Apa sing dibutuhake supaya diidini ana ing banyu, biayane, lan cara entuke.
Reach age 18, pass the state exam for the underwater hunting card before an authorised organisation, obtain the card from the starosta (district authority) of your place of residence, then buy a crossbow-fishing permit from the entity holding fishing rights to the water (e.g. Wody Polskie regional board or PZW district).
Entuk lisensi sampeyanMbukak portal resmi · lexlege.pl
- Jenis
- Karta lowiectwa podwodnego (underwater hunting card) plus zezwolenie (permit) from the holder of fishing rights to the specific water
- Biaya
- unknown
- Masa berlaku
- Card is issued by the starosta and is generally long-term; the separate water permit (zezwolenie) is time-limited per fishery/season.
- Cara entuke
- Reach age 18, pass the state exam for the underwater hunting card before an authorised organisation, obtain the card from the starosta (district authority) of your place of residence, then buy a crossbow-fishing permit from the entity holding fishing rights to the water (e.g. Wody Polskie regional board or PZW district).
- Otoritas
- Starosta (district office) issues the card; Wody Polskie / Polish Angling Association (PZW) / fishery operators issue the water permit.
Piranti & teknik
Aturan piranti
Piranti apa sing diidini, cara panggunaane, lan syarat sing ditempelake.
Watesan
- Only a muscle-powered crossbow (kusza napinana sila miesni) is permitted; no powered or compressed-gas mechanisms.
- The harpoon is fired on a tether (na uwiezi) and may have no more than 3 blades arranged within a circle of 30 mm diameter.
- SCUBA or any underwater breathing apparatus is forbidden; only breath-hold (apnea) diving is allowed.
- The crossbow must be fully submerged in water when loaded and released.
- The hunting position must be marked with a yellow surface float of at least 5 litres buoyancy, and the diver must stay within 50 m of it.
- Daytime only: from one hour after sunrise to one hour before sunset.
max_spears reflects the single tethered harpoon fired by the crossbow (the harpoon itself may carry up to 3 blades within a 30 mm circle).
Apa sing boleh dijaluk
Watesan tangkapan & spesies lindung
Kuota harian, ukuran minimal, lan spesies sing ora boleh ditangkap.
Watesan harian
Per-species daily limits apply as for amateur fishing; commonly cited under fishery permits: tench (lin) 4, bream (leszcz) 10, carp (karp) 3, catfish (sum) 1, pike (szczupak) 2, zander (sandacz) 2, burbot (mietus) 2. Exact limits are set by each water permit (zezwolenie).
Spesies lindung — aja ditangkap
- DilindungiSalmonids (ryby lososiowate) - may not be taken with a crossbow on State-owned inland waters
- DilindungiEel (wegorz) - may not be taken with a crossbow on State-owned inland waters
General statutory protection periods and minimum sizes for individual species apply to crossbow fishing as they do to rod fishing. Beyond the crossbow-specific ban on salmonids and eel on State waters, species-specific minimum sizes are set nationally and by each fishery; not enumerated here to avoid fabrication.
Sapa sing boleh mancing
Pengunjung & penduduk
Kepiye aturane beda kanggo pengunjung manca lan penduduk lokal.
Pengunjung manca
DiidiniLisensi khusus diwajibake
Syarat
- Hold an underwater hunting card (karta lowiectwa podwodnego) - the statutory card requirement applies regardless of nationality.
- Hold a valid permit (zezwolenie) for the specific water.
- Carry photo ID.
Watesan
- Same equipment, season, daytime, float and species rules as for residents.
The law conditions amateur fishing on possession of the card and permit rather than on residency; foreigners must satisfy the same card/exam requirement. Recognition of equivalent foreign qualifications was not verified in sources.
Penduduk
Karta lowiectwa podwodnego + water permit (zezwolenie)
Syarat
- Age 18 or older.
- Pass the state exam covering nature protection, amateur fishing rules for the crossbow, crossbow safety, and free-diving safety.
- Obtain the card from the starosta of place of residence.
- Buy a crossbow-fishing permit for the chosen water.
Persons under 14 are exempt from the fishing-card requirement for rod fishing, but the underwater hunting card is issued only from age 18, so there is no equivalent youth exemption for spearfishing.
Ngendi ing pesisir
Zona diidini & dilarang
Area sing diberi jeneng sing terbuka utawa tertutup kanggo mancing silem. Deleng gambaran lengkap ing peta interaktif.
Area diidini
Lakes and rivers in inland waters where the holder of fishing rights (e.g. Wody Polskie / Polish Angling Association PZW / fishery operators) has issued a crossbow-fishing permit. Spearfishing is allowed with a karta lowiectwa podwodnego plus the relevant zezwolenie, subject to the daytime, 50 m float and submersion rules.
Underwater hunting card + permit required; daytime only; within 50 m of a yellow float; breath-hold only; closed 15 Oct - 15 May on State-owned waters; salmonids and eel may not be taken.
Freshwater inland lake in Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania), Stargard County, area ~596 ha, max depth ~42 m. Spearfishing with a crossbow (kusza) is explicitly permitted by the rights holder (Ińskie Centrum Rybactwa / ZPW) on a paid-permit basis (daily 85–110 PLN, weekly, seasonal tickets; 3-lake season permit 590 PLN). Season 15 May – 15 October; national rules apply (karta łowiectwa podwodnego + written permit, breath-hold only, daylight only).
Freshwater lake in Zachodniopomorskie (Stargard County, Pojezierze Ińskie), area ~233 ha, ~10 km south of Ińsko. Spearfishing permitted by Ińskie Centrum Rybactwa (ZPW) as part of the same 3-lake permit scheme covering Ińsko, Krzemień and Woświn. Season 15 May – 15 October; national rules apply (karta + permit, breath-hold, daylight only).
Freshwater lake in Zachodniopomorskie (Łobeski County, Pojezierze Ińskie), one of the largest lakes in the region (~750 ha). Grouped with Ińsko and Krzemień in the 3-lake spearfishing permit offered by Ińskie Centrum Rybactwa (ZPW). Spearfishing with a crossbow (kusza) explicitly permitted under their permit scheme. Season 15 May – 15 October; national rules apply (karta łowiectwa podwodnego + permit, breath-hold, daylight only).
Area dilarang
- State Treasury inland waters during 15 October - 15 Mayseasonal closed zone
Underwater hunting is banned on State-owned inland waters during the closed period 15 October to 15 May.
- Słowiński National Park – Baltic marine watersnational park / marine waters
Within the marine (Baltic Sea) waters of Słowiński National Park, the official park fishing regulation explicitly prohibits taking fish and other marine organisms with a crossbow (kusza). Recreational fishing is allowed only from shore (beach/wading) along the strip between sea-shore markers 200–211 km, excluding designated bathing places (150 m buffer); crossbow/spearfishing is banned. The park lies on the Pomeranian Voivodeship Baltic coast around Łeba–Smołdzino–Rowy, encompassing coastal lagoon lakes Łebsko and Gardno.
- Wolin National Park – inland lakesnational park / inland lakes
All inland lakes lying within Wolin National Park (on Wolin island, West Pomeranian Voivodeship — Warnowskie, Rabiąż, Czajcze, Domysłowskie, Gardno, Turkusowe) are under full protection with a complete ban on fishing, which precludes spearfishing/crossbow fishing. Recreational fishing in the park is restricted to the Pomeranian Bay shore strip, the Szczecin Lagoon (from boats, outside vegetation zones) and the reverse Świna Delta — not the inland lakes.
- Jezioro Sławskielake
Largest lake in Lubuskie Voivodeship (area ~817 ha, Gmina Sława, Wschowa County). From 1 January 2019 the managing fishery operator Gospodarstwo Rybackie Sława introduced a complete ban (całkowity zakaz) on underwater crossbow spearfishing across all water bodies in its fishing district, including Sławskie, Tarnowskie (Duże/Małe), Młyńskie (Duże/Małe), Kuźnickie, Brzezie, and Steklno (Górne/Dolne). The operator-level ban applies on top of the national open-season restrictions.
Kondisi ing perairan
Kondisi langsung
Snapshot langsung kelautan lan cuaca cedhak titik referensi pesisir ing Poland, saka Open-Meteo. Kondisi beda-beda sak pesisir — dianggep minangka indikatif.
Kelautan & cuaca langsung cedhak Jezioro Ińsko.
Sapa sing kudu ditakoni
Otoritas
Badan resmi sing tanggung jawab kanggo perikanan lan lisensi.
Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
fisheries authority
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie (Polish Waters - state water management authority)
water management / fishing-rights authority for State inland waters
Polski Zwiazek Wedkarski (Polish Angling Association, PZW)
angling association / permit issuer and exam organiser
Glowny Inspektorat Rybolowstwa Morskiego (Main Inspectorate of Sea Fisheries, GIRM)
maritime fisheries authority (recreational sea fishing on the Baltic)
Panstwowa Straz Rybacka (State Fishing Guard)
enforcement authority
Asale saka ngendi
Sumber
Saben klaim ing kaca iki bisa dilacak bali menyang salah siji referensi iki.
- [01]
Ustawa o rybactwie srodladowym - Art. 7 (lexlege.pl)
Sekunderlexlege.plDiakses Jun 15 - [02]
Rozporzadzenie MRiRW z 12 listopada 2001 r. w sprawie polowu ryb - tekst jednolity Dz.U. 2018 poz. 2003 (INFOR.pl)
Resmiinfor.plDiakses Jun 15 - [03]
Rozporzadzenie MRiRW z 12 listopada 2001 r. - metryka (ISAP, Internetowy System Aktow Prawnych)
Resmiisap.sejm.gov.plDiakses Jun 15 - [04]
Podstawowe przepisy dotyczace lowiectwa podwodnego w Polsce (Stowarzyszenie Spearfishing Poland)
communitysspoland.plDiakses Jun 15 - [05]
Regulamin amatorskiego polowu ryb kusza (Polski Zwiazek Wedkarski)
Resmipzw.org.plDiakses Jun 15 - [06]
Polowy kusza (Gospodarstwo Rybackie Slawa) - season, daylight, species and catch limits summary
Sekundergospodarstworybackie.slawa.plDiakses Jun 15 - [07]
Rybolowstwo rekreacyjne - Glowny Inspektorat Rybolowstwa Morskiego (recreational sea fishing on the Baltic)
Resmigov.plDiakses Jun 15
Cathetan peneliti
Spearfishing in Poland is legal but restricted, regulated as a form of amateur fishing under the Inland Fisheries Act of 18 April 1985 and the implementing Regulation of 12 November 2001 (Dz.U. 2001 nr 138 poz. 1559; consolidated Dz.U. 2018 poz. 2003). Core rules verified verbatim: muscle-powered crossbow firing a tethered harpoon with max 3 blades within a 30 mm circle; breath-hold only (no SCUBA); crossbow fully submerged when loaded/released; daytime only (1 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunset); within 50 m of a yellow float of >=5 L buoyancy; underwater hunting card from age 18 after a state exam plus a water permit. On State-owned inland waters a closed season runs 15 October - 15 May and salmonids and eel may not be taken. The closed-season and salmonid/eel prohibition are documented by the Spearfishing Poland association and fishery operators as conditions on State Treasury inland waters rather than from a single fetched government article; the equipment, float, submersion and daytime rules are confirmed from the consolidated 2001 Regulation. Marine/Baltic spearfishing: recreational sea fishing is overseen by GIRM and requires only a paid recreational fishing fee for shore/non-vessel fishing, but spearfishing with a crossbow is governed by the inland fisheries (kusza) regime and is in practice an inland-waters activity; dedicated Baltic-sea spearfishing rules were not found in fetched sources, so sea-specific zone/season detail is left unstated. Cost of the card and permits was not retrieved and is marked unknown. data_confidence=high for the inland legal framework and equipment/method rules (verbatim statutory text obtained); medium for catch-limit specifics and marine applicability. Inland/freshwater spearfishing: Spearfishing (kusza / łowiectwo podwodne) is legal on Polish inland and freshwater bodies as a form of amateur fishing under the Inland Fisheries Act of 1985, but requires a state-issued karta łowiectwa podwodnego plus a written permit from the specific fishery rights holder; individual operators may ban it (and some have), and the national closed season on state-owned inland waters runs 15 October – 15 May.
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