SpearfishingMap

Guinea-Bissau

Africa · Western Africa

Guinea-Bissau has no statute that explicitly names recreational spearfishing (pesca submarina / caça submarina). It is governed indirectly by the current general fisheries law, the Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas (Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011, 7 Jun 2011), whose Art. 83 repealed the earlier Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000. The 2011 law defines 'pesca lúdica' - sport/leisure fishing - as the capture of marine species for sport or leisure without commercial purpose (Art. 4(t), Art. 7), leaving its detailed rules to further Government regulation that, as far as could be found, has not been issued for spearfishing. Like all fishing in waters under national sovereignty, recreational fishing requires a prior licence; only traditional subsistence fishing is exempt (Art. 17). The 2011 method ban (Art. 25) covers explosives and toxic substances (it dropped the lamps/electric/suction items that the repealed 2000 law had listed) and does NOT name spearguns or harpoons, so a breath-hold speargun is not itself a method prohibited by the verbatim statute. Protected species (threatened/endangered marine species and seabirds, Art. 27; and, under the prior 2000 wording and international rules, sea turtles and marine mammals) may not be taken. Secondary fishing-operator sources report that in practice SCUBA-assisted spearfishing is banned and only apnea (breath-hold) spearfishing is tolerated, that a recreational permit is arranged through lodges, and that the richest grounds lie inside the Bolama-Bijagós Biosphere Reserve and its marine national parks (Orango, João Vieira e Poilão, Urok, Cacheu) where IBAP permits/guides are mandatory and turtle/shark/ray protections apply. Under the Protected Areas Framework Law (Decreto-Lei nº 5-A/2011), commercial resource extraction inside protected areas is generally barred and only subsistence/traditional use by resident communities is allowed; the park-specific verbatim rule for spearfishing could not be retrieved. No verbatim statutory text confirming a SCUBA/spearfishing-specific rule was found, so confidence remains low; field rules should be confirmed with the Ministério das Pescas and IBAP before any trip.

Restricted
DatenzouverlässegkeetNiddreg Zouverlässegkeet

Zuletzt aktualiséiert Juni 22, 2026

Gouvernéierende Kader

  • §Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011 - Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas (current General Fisheries Law, Boletim Oficial nº 23 of 7 Jun 2011; Art. 83 repealed the earlier Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000)
  • §Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000 - Recursos Pesqueiros e Direitos de Pesca nas Águas Marítimas da Guiné-Bissau (former General Fisheries Law of 22 Aug 2000, now repealed by the 2011 law but historically cited)
  • §Decreto nº 24/2011 - Revisão do Regulamento da Pesca Artesanal (Artisanal Fishing Regulation, 7 Jun 2011)
  • §Decreto-Lei nº 9/2011 - Regulamento de Inspecção de Pescado (Fish Inspection Regulation, 7 Jun 2011)
  • §Decreto-Lei nº 5-A/2011 - Lei-Quadro das Áreas Protegidas (Protected Areas Framework Law, 1 Mar 2011; revised the 1997 Decreto-Lei nº 3/97)
  • §Decreto-Lei nº 11/2005 - Lei de Criação do IBAP (created the Institute for Biodiversity and Protected Areas)
  • §Decreto nº 2/2022 - Período de Repouso Biológico (Biological Rest Period, January closure of industrial fishing)
Lizenz erfuerdert
Erfuerdert
Scuba
Verboten
Auslänner
Wëllkomm

D'Gesetz, verbatim

Gesetzestexte

Déi exakt gesetzlech a regulatoresch Bestëmmungen, déi d'Speerfëscherei hei gouvernéieren, esou wéi publizéiert zitéiert, mat engem Link op all offiziell Quell.

01Artigo 4.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Types of fishing by purpose (incl. sport/leisure fishing)

Decreto-Lei nº 6 A/2000 sobre Recursos Pesqueiros e Direitos de Pesca nas Águas Marítimas da Guiné-Bissau

PTOriginal

1. Em função da sua finalidade, a pesca pode ser de subsistência, comercial, cientifica e desportiva. 2. A pesca de subsistência é a praticada com artes de pesca tradicionais e tem por objecto fundamental a obtenção de espécies comestíveis para a subsistência do pescador e da sua família. 3. A pesca comercial é a praticada com fins lucrativos. 4. A pesca científica tem por objectivo o estudo e o conhecimento dos recursos, bem como o ensaio de navios, materiais e técnicas de pesca. 5. A pesca desportiva é a pesca exercida a título desportivo ou de lazer.

02Artigo 5.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Criteria distinguishing artisanal and industrial fishing

Decreto-Lei nº 6 A/2000

PTOriginal

Os critérios de distinção entre a pesca artesanal e a pesca industrial serão estabelecidos por diploma regulamentar. Na determinação destes critérios serão tomadas em consideração as características gerais das embarcações, nomeadamente a sua capacidade e autonomia, e as artes de pesca empregues, bem como os critérios de distinção aplicados nos Estados da sub-região.

03Artigo 26.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Prohibited fishing methods (explosives, toxic substances, electric/light means, suction gear)

Decreto-Lei nº 6 A/2000

PTOriginal

É expressamente proibido, no exercício de qualquer actividade de pesca: a) Utilizar lâmpadas, meios eléctricos, materiais explosivos ou substâncias tóxicas susceptíveis de enfraquecer, atordoar, excitar ou matar peixes, bem como a utilização de aparelho de pescas por sucção; c) Deter a bordo das embarcações de pescas materiais ou substâncias mencionadas na alínea precedente.

04Artigo 27.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Protected species (marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds)

Decreto-Lei nº 6 A/2000

PTOriginal

1. São proibidas, salvo autorização especial da Comissão Internacional das Pescas para fins de investigação científica ou técnica, sob proposta do membro do governo responsável pela área da pesca: a) A pesca, a captura e a detenção de todas as espécies de mamíferos marinhos; b) A pesca, a captura e a detenção de tartarugas marinha; c) A caça, a captura, a detenção de todas as espécies de aves marinha. 2. É proibida toda a comercialização das espécies visadas nas alíneas do número anterior.

05Artigo 4.º, alínea t)Guinea-Bissau · national

Definition of recreational/leisure fishing ('pesca lúdica') - current General Fisheries Law

Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011 - Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas (Boletim Oficial nº 23, 7 de Junho de 2011)

PTOriginal

t) Pesca lúdica: a captura de espécies marinhas, vegetais ou animais, a título de desporto ou lazer, sem fins comerciais; [The 2011 General Fisheries Law - which repealed and replaced Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000 - defines recreational/sport fishing ('pesca lúdica') as the capture of marine species for sport or leisure without commercial purpose. Breath-hold spearfishing for sport falls within this category.]

06Artigo 7.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Types of fishing; recreational fishing must not harm commercial fishing or conservation

Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011 - Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas

PTOriginal

1. Para efeitos do presente diploma e dos seus regulamentos e em função da sua finalidade, a pesca pode ser de subsistência, comercial, científica ou técnica e lúdica, tal como definidas nas alíneas q), r), s) e t), do artigo 4.º do presente diploma. 2. Os tipos de pesca podem ser definidos ainda em função das técnicas ou métodos utilizados ou de zonas onde a pesca é praticada. 3. Os tipos de pesca referidos nos números anteriores serão objecto de regulamentação própria, a adoptar pelo Governo, que deverá ter em consideração, designadamente, as características das embarcações e as artes de pesca empregues e assegurar que as actividades da pesca lúdica não prejudiquem a pesca comercial e não comprometam a conservação e gestão dos recursos biológicos aquáticos. [Recreational fishing - including spearfishing - is a recognised category but its specific rules are left to further Government regulation; it must not harm commercial fishing or compromise resource conservation. No such recreational-fishing regulation naming spearguns/spearfishing was located.]

07Artigo 17.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Prior fishing licence required in national waters (subsistence fishing exempt)

Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011 - Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas

PTOriginal

1. O exercício da pesca nas águas sob soberania e jurisdição nacionais está sujeito à obtenção prévia de uma licença de pesca, que será emitida em modelo próprio e nos termos do presente diploma e seus regulamentos. 2. O exercício de actividade de pesca de subsistência, definida nos termos da alínea q) do artigo 4.º deste diploma, não está condicionado à obtenção de licença, sem prejuízo do cumprimento das normas relativas à fiscalização e à preservação dos recursos biológicos aquáticos. [All fishing in national waters requires a prior fishing licence; only subsistence fishing (traditional gear, family consumption, no sale) is exempt. Recreational spearfishing is not subsistence, so a licence is required.]

08Artigo 25.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Prohibited fishing methods - explosives and toxic substances (current law)

Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011 - Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas

PTOriginal

É expressamente interdita: a) A utilização, no exercício da actividade de pesca, de equipamentos, materiais explosivos ou substâncias tóxicas susceptíveis de enfraquecer, atordoar, excitar ou matar as espécies marinhas; b) A utilização de dispositivos de obstrução da malhagem, no exercício da actividade de pesca; c) O transporte e a detenção a bordo das embarcações de pesca de equipamentos, materiais e substâncias mencionados nas alíneas anteriores, sem autorização. [The current 2011 law's method ban covers explosives and toxic substances; unlike the repealed 2000 law it does NOT list lamps, electric means or suction gear. It does NOT name spearguns/harpoons, so a breath-hold speargun is not a method prohibited by this article.]

09Artigo 27.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Protected marine species - threatened/endangered species and seabirds (current law)

Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011 - Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas

PTOriginal

1. É proibida a captura de espécies marinhas e aves aquáticas consideradas ameaçadas ou em perigo de extinção, salvo autorização especial, mediante despacho conjunto dos membros do Governo responsáveis pelos sectores das pescas, da agricultura e do ambiente, e para fins de investigação científica ou técnica. 2. A caça, a captura e a detenção de todas as espécies de aves marinhas, bem como a detenção a bordo, o desembarque, a comercialização ou colocação à venda das espécies referidas no número anterior são igualmente proibidos. [The current 2011 law prohibits capturing marine species and aquatic birds considered threatened or endangered, except by special joint ministerial authorisation for scientific/technical research; seabirds are fully protected. Sea turtles and marine mammals are not separately enumerated here as they were in the repealed 2000 law, but are covered as threatened/endangered species and by separate protected-area and international rules.]

10Artigo 2.ºGuinea-Bissau · national

Biological rest period applies to industrial fishing; species banned in artisanal fishing

Decreto nº 2/2022 - Período de Repouso Biológico

PTOriginal

[Per the Ministério das Pescas official page describing Decreto nº 2/2022, the biological rest period of 1-31 January applies to industrial fishing - 'O presente Decreto é aplicável às atividades de pesca industrial' - and additionally prohibits, during the rest period, the artisanal capture of ten species: gamba, alistado, polvo, chocos, carapau, barbinho, sardinha, salmonete, merluza e bagre. Recreational/sport (lúdica) fishing and spearfishing are not named in the rest-period measure.]

Wann Dir dauche kënnt

Saisons & Zäitbeschränkungen

Geschlossen, geöffent a ageschränkt Perioden iwwer d'Joer. Bestätegt ëmmer artenspezifisch Schliesszäiten lokal.

Jan
Feb
Mär
Apr
Mee
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Okt
Nov
Dez
ZouAgeschränktOp
  • ZouIndustrial fishing in waters under Guinea-Bissau jurisdiction (biological rest period). Decreto nº 2/2022 Art. 2 states 'O presente Decreto é aplicável às atividades de pesca industrial'. Recreational/sport (lúdica) fishing and spearfishing are not named in the measure.Jan 1 – Jan 31

    Período de Repouso Biológico established by Decreto nº 2/2022. The Ministério das Pescas closes industrial fishing throughout January (1-31), the peak fish-reproduction month. During the rest period the artisanal capture of ten species is additionally prohibited: gamba, alistado, polvo, chocos, carapau, barbinho, sardinha, salmonete, merluza e bagre. Coverage of recreational spearfishing is not stated; the measure is renewed by the Ministry each year (most recently documented for January 2023).

Erlaabnis zum Fëschen

Lizenz

Wat Dir braucht fir am Waasser erlaabt ze sinn, wat et kascht a wéi Dir et kritt.

Lizenz erfuerdertvia Ministério das Pescas e Economia do Mar (Ministry of Fisheries)

Through the Ministério das Pescas / Direcção-Geral da Pesca Artesanal; in practice lodges and licensed operators handle the paperwork for visitors. Extra protected-area permits via IBAP for parks within the Bijagós reserve.

Är Lizenz kréien

Öffnet dat offiziellt Portal · pescas.gw

Lizenz erfuerdert
Typ
Recreational/sport fishing licence (pesca lúdica). The current law requires a prior fishing licence for all fishing in national waters except traditional subsistence fishing (Art. 17, Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011); recreational fishing is a recognised category (Art. 4(t), Art. 7). A spearfishing-specific licence is not separately defined in law.
Käschten
Not set in statute. Secondary operator source reports recreational permits arranged via lodges at roughly EUR 45-50, plus park entry fees (~EUR 35/day) for protected areas.
Gëltegkeet
unknown
Wéi ze kréien
Through the Ministério das Pescas / Direcção-Geral da Pesca Artesanal; in practice lodges and licensed operators handle the paperwork for visitors. Extra protected-area permits via IBAP for parks within the Bijagós reserve.
Autoritéit
Ministério das Pescas e Economia do Mar (Ministry of Fisheries)

Ausrüstung & Technik

Ausrüstungsreegelen

Wéi Ausrüstung erlaabt ass, wéi se benotzt duerf ginn a wéi Bedéngungen drun hänken.

ScubaVerboten

Aschränkungen

  • Explosives and toxic substances prohibited under the current law (Art. 25(a), Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011)
  • Mesh-obstruction devices prohibited (Art. 25(b), Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011)
  • Carrying the above prohibited materials/equipment aboard a fishing vessel without authorisation is forbidden (Art. 25(c))
  • The repealed 2000 law (Art. 26 of Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000) had additionally banned light-attraction lamps, electric means and suction gear; the current 2011 law's verbatim Art. 25 does NOT carry those items forward
  • Neither the 2011 nor the 2000 law names spearguns/harpoons or diving apparatus
  • Secondary source: SCUBA-assisted spearfishing reported banned; only breath-hold (apnea) spearfishing tolerated; monofilament nets reported banned

The verbatim method-ban article in force (Art. 25 of Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011) lists explosives, toxic substances and mesh-obstruction devices, and does not name harpoons/spearguns or diving apparatus. The SCUBA-spearfishing ban and breath-hold-only rule come from a secondary fishing-operator guide (fishingworldguide.com), not from confirmed statute. Treat speargun_allowed as unknown pending official confirmation.

Wat Dir mat kënnt huelen

Fangbeschränkungen & geschützte Arten

Deeglech Quoten, Mindestgréissten a Arten, déi ni geholl duerfen ginn.

Deeglech Limit

unknown

Geschützt Arten — net huelen

  • GeschütztMarine species and aquatic birds considered threatened or in danger of extinction - capture prohibited except by special joint ministerial authorisation for research (Art. 27(1), Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011, current law)
  • GeschütztAll seabirds (aves marinhas) - capture, hunting, possession, landing and sale prohibited (Art. 27(2), Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011)
  • GeschütztAll sea turtles (tartarugas marinhas) - prohibited under the prior 2000 law's explicit enumeration and protected as endangered species and within the Bijagós MPAs (key green-turtle nesting at Poilão)
  • GeschütztAll marine mammals (mamíferos marinhos) - prohibited under the prior 2000 law's explicit enumeration and as endangered species
  • GeschütztSharks and rays - capture prohibited under Artisanal Fishing Regulation (Decreto nº 24/2011, reported); reputable lodges enforce catch-and-release for sharks, rays and large tarpon (secondary source)

The current law (Art. 27 of Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011) prohibits capturing marine species and aquatic birds considered threatened/endangered, except by special joint ministerial authorisation for scientific/technical research, and fully protects seabirds. The repealed 2000 law (Art. 27 of Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000) had separately enumerated marine mammals, sea turtles and seabirds; turtles and mammals remain protected as endangered species, within the Bijagós MPAs, and under international rules. Recreational fishers are reported to be barred from selling any part of their catch.

Wien fësche duerf

Besucher & Awunner

Wéi d'Reegelen fir auslännesch Besucher a lokal Awunner ënnerscheeden.

Auslännesch Besucher

Erlaabt

Speziell Lizenz erfuerdert

Ufuerderungen

  • Obtain a recreational fishing licence (typically arranged through a licensed lodge/operator)
  • Obtain additional protected-area permits and use local guides when fishing inside the Bolama-Bijagós Biosphere Reserve / national parks

Aschränkungen

  • May not sell any part of the catch (recreational fishing is leisure/sport only)
  • Subject to all protected-species and prohibited-method rules; SCUBA-assisted spearfishing reported banned

No distinct statutory regime separating foreign from national recreational fishers was found in the retrieved law; in practice visiting anglers/spearfishers go through lodges that handle permits. Confirm with the Ministry of Fisheries before travelling.

Awunner

Subsistence fishing with traditional gear for the fisher and family is exempt from licensing (Art. 4(2)); other fishing requires a licence.

Virdeeler

  • Traditional subsistence fishing (personal/family consumption, traditional gear) does not require a licence

Subsistence exemption is defined by gear and purpose (traditional gear, non-commercial), not by residency or nationality; it would not cover speargun-based recreational spearfishing.

Wou op der Küst

Erlaabt & verbotene Zonen

Benannt Gebidder, déi fir Speerfëscherei op oder zou sinn. Kuckt d'ganzt Bild op der interaktiver Kaart.

Verbotene Gebidder

  • Marine national park (Parque Nacional Marinho João Vieira e Poilão), ~495 km2, established August 2000, comprising João Vieira, Cavalo, Maio and Poilão islands. One of the world's most important green sea-turtle nesting sites. Inside the Bolama-Bijagós Biosphere Reserve; access for fishing is restricted and managed by IBAP, with sea turtles and seabirds protected under Art. 27 of Decreto-Lei nº 6 A/2000.

  • Parque Nacional das Ilhas de Orango, ~1,582 km2, created in 2000, including Orango, Orangozinho, Meneque, Canogo and Imbone islands. A marine protected area within the Bolama-Bijagós Biosphere Reserve where fishing access is restricted and additional permits/guides are required.

  • UNESCO biosphere reserve (recognised 1996) of 88 islands and islets off the Guinea-Bissau coast, containing the country's marine protected areas (Orango, João Vieira e Poilão, Urok Community MPA). Many of the best fishing grounds lie inside it; extra permits and local-zoning guides are required and protected-species rules apply.

  • Urok Islands Community Marine Protected Areacommunity marine protected area

    Community-managed marine protected area (Área Marinha Protegida Comunitária das Ilhas Urok) within the Bolama-Bijagós Biosphere Reserve, with community fishing restrictions.

  • Cacheu River Mangroves Natural Parknatural park (marine/estuarine protected area)

    Parque Natural dos Tarrafes do Rio Cacheu (PNTC), ~886 km2, established 1 December 2000 on the Cacheu River estuary in northern Guinea-Bissau. The largest concentration of mangroves in West Africa and a key shrimp/fish breeding zone; classified as a Marine Protected Area within the National System of Protected Areas (SNAP) and managed by IBAP, where fishing access is regulated and protected-species/zoning rules apply.

Konditioune op dem Waasser

Live-Konditioune

Live Mieres- a Wiederschnappschoss no engem Küstenreferenzpunkt a Guinea-Bissau, vun Open-Meteo. Konditioune variéiere laanscht d'Küst — als indikatif betruechten.

Live Mieres- & Wiederbedéngungen no João Vieira and Poilão Marine National Park.

Konditioune

Wien ze froen

Autoritéiten

Déi offiziell Gremien, déi fir Fëscherei a Lizenzéierung zoustänneg sinn.

  • Ministério das Pescas e Economia do Mar (Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy)

    fisheries authority

    pescas.gwBissau, Guinea-Bissau
  • Direcção-Geral da Pesca Artesanal (DGPA)

    fisheries authority

  • Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas (IBAP)

    environment / protected areas authority

    ibapgbissau.orgManages national parks and marine protected areas in the Bijagós

Wou dëst hierkommt

Quellen

All Behaaptung op dëser Säit geet op eng vun dëse Referenze zréck.

  1. [01]

    LEI DAS PESCAS - Decreto-Lei nº 6 A/2000 (full Portuguese text)

    Sekundär
    didinho.orgOpgeruff Jun 14
  2. [02]

    Ministério das Pescas - Quadro Legal (official legal framework list)

    Offiziell
    pescas.gwOpgeruff Jun 14
  3. [03]

    Ministério das Pescas - Período de Repouso Biológico

    Offiziell
    pescas.gwOpgeruff Jun 14
  4. [04]

    The Outlaw Ocean Project - Global Fishing Legislative Database: Guinea-Bissau

    Sekundär
    theoutlawocean.comOpgeruff Jun 14
  5. [05]

    Fishing in Guinea-Bissau 2026 (fishing-operator guide: spearfishing, licences, parks)

    Sekundär
    fishingworldguide.comOpgeruff Jun 14
  6. [06]

    UNESCO World Heritage - Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago

    Offiziell
    whc.unesco.orgOpgeruff Jun 14
  7. [07]

    Wikipedia - João Vieira and Poilão Marine National Park (coordinates, area, year)

    Sekundär
    en.wikipedia.orgOpgeruff Jun 14
  8. [08]

    Bio Guinea - Blue Bijagós (marine protected areas overview)

    Sekundär
    bioguinea.orgOpgeruff Jun 14
  9. [09]

    FAOLEX - Boletim Oficial nº 23 of 7 Jun 2011 (clean text): Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas (Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011) + Reg. Inspecção de Pescado (DL 9/2011) + Reg. Pesca Artesanal (Decreto 24/2011)

    Offiziell
    faolex.fao.orgOpgeruff Jun 22
  10. [10]

    Lei Geral das Pescas (full PDF, Boletim Oficial nº 23/2011) - Ministério das Pescas

    Offiziell
    pescas.gwOpgeruff Jun 22
  11. [11]

    Ministério das Pescas - Período de Repouso Biológico (Decreto nº 2/2022; industrial closure + artisanal species ban)

    Offiziell
    pescas.gwOpgeruff Jun 22
  12. [12]

    FAO FAOLEX - Guinea-Bissau country profile (fisheries legislation index)

    Offiziell
    fao.orgOpgeruff Jun 22
  13. [13]

    IBAP - Áreas Protegidas (national parks & marine protected areas list)

    Offiziell
    ibapgbissau.orgOpgeruff Jun 22
  14. [14]

    IBAP - Legislação (protected-areas framework: Decreto-Lei 5-A/2011, 3/97; IBAP creation DL 11/2005)

    Offiziell
    ibapgbissau.orgOpgeruff Jun 22

Fuerschernotizen

Guinea-Bissau has no spearfishing-specific statute. Legal status is inferred from the CURRENT general fisheries law, the Revisão da Lei Geral das Pescas (Decreto-Lei nº 10/2011, Boletim Oficial nº 23 of 7 Jun 2011), whose Art. 83 expressly repealed the earlier Decreto-Lei nº 6-A/2000 (a 2026-06-22 update corrected the record, which previously treated the 2000 law as governing and mis-listed Decreto-Lei nº 9/2011 - actually the Fish Inspection Regulation - as the Lei Geral das Pescas). The 2011 law recognises recreational/sport fishing ('pesca lúdica', Art. 4(t) & Art. 7), requires a prior licence for all non-subsistence fishing (Art. 17), bans explosives and toxic substances (Art. 25 - it dropped the lamps/electric/suction items the 2000 law had listed) and protects threatened/endangered marine species and seabirds (Art. 27). VERBATIM statutory text retrieved (from the clean FAOLEX extract of Boletim 23) does NOT mention spearguns, harpoons or SCUBA, so the widely-cited 'SCUBA spearfishing banned, breath-hold only' and the practical licence-via-lodge details come from a secondary fishing-operator guide rather than confirmed law - hence data_confidence=low and equipment_rules.speargun_allowed=null. The biological rest period (Decreto nº 2/2022) closes industrial fishing each January and bans ten artisanal species that month, but does not name recreational/spearfishing. Coordinates for João Vieira/Poilão are park-level approximations from Wikipedia. The richest grounds sit inside the Bolama-Bijagós Biosphere Reserve and its marine national parks (Orango, João Vieira e Poilão, Urok, Cacheu) where extra IBAP permits, guides and protected-species rules apply; under the Protected Areas Framework Law (Decreto-Lei nº 5-A/2011) commercial extraction inside protected areas is generally barred. The full verbatim text of the Regulamento da Pesca Artesanal (Decreto 24/2011) and each park's creation decree could not be cleanly parsed; full verbatim articles on diving/spearfishing could not be located and may not exist. Confirm all field rules with the Ministério das Pescas and IBAP before any trip. Note: the political situation is volatile (transitional government as of 2026) and regulations may change.

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