Tonga
Oceania · Polynesia
Recreational and subsistence spearfishing (free-diving, breath-hold) is a long-established, legal and common fishing method in Tonga and is expressly recognised in national fisheries policy as a small-scale fishing technique. However it is restricted: the Fisheries Management Act 2002 empowers the Minister to regulate spear guns, underwater breathing apparatus and underwater torches; the use of SCUBA (underwater breathing apparatus) for fishing is prohibited unless an exemption is granted by the Ministry of Fisheries. Spearfishing, like all fishing, is banned inside community Special Management Areas (SMAs) for non-members and entirely banned inside Fish Habitat Reserves (no-take zones within SMAs); these laws apply to all visitors including tourists and boaters. National species size limits and conservation rules (protected/no-take species, a sea-urchin closed season) apply to whatever is speared. Marine mammals (whales, dolphins) and several reef species are fully protected and may not be taken. Foreign visitors fish under the same rules as residents; recreational/sport fishing licence powers exist under the Act but are administered chiefly through commercial sport-fishing vessel (charter) licences rather than individual recreational permits.
जुन 15, 2026मा अन्तिम पटक अपडेट भयो
शासकीय ढाँचा
- §Fisheries Management Act 2002 (Act No. 26 of 2002; CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
- §Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008
- §Fisheries (Coastal Communities) Regulations 2009 (Special Management Areas)
- §Fisheries (Local Fishing) Regulations 2009
- §Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026
- §Whale Watching and Swimming Regulations 2013
- भालाबन्दुक
- अनुमति छ
- स्कुबा
- निषेध छ
- विदेशीहरू
- स्वागत छ
कानुन, शब्दशः
कानुनी पाठहरू
यहाँ भालाफाँड माछामारी नियन्त्रण गर्ने सटीक वैधानिक र नियामक प्रावधानहरू, प्रकाशित रूपमा उद्धृत, प्रत्येक आधिकारिक स्रोतको लिंकसहित।
Regulation-making power over spear guns, underwater breathing apparatus and night fishing
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
101 Regulations (1) The Minister may make regulations for the implementation of this Act. (2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1) the Minister may in such regulations provide for all or any of the following — ... (f) the use of underwater breathing apparatus and under water torches for night fishing and regulating the use of spear guns and other similar devices;
Regulation-making power over recreational/sport fishing and Special Management Areas
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
(b) the organisation and administration of Coastal Communities and the conservation and management measures that may be applied in Special Management Areas designated to such coastal communities; (c) prescribing fisheries management and conservation measures, gear standards, minimum and a maximum species sizes, closed seasons, closed areas, prohibited methods of fishing gear and schemes for limiting entry into all or any specified fisheries; ... (e) sport or recreational fishing in the fisheries waters and requiring the holding of licences for persons engaging in sport or recreational fishing;
Exemption of non-commercial sport and subsistence vessels from registration
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
(3) The Minister may, by Notice in the Gazette, exempt any local fishing vessel used only for sport fishing other than for reward or profit, or any local fishing vessel or non-motorised canoe used only for subsistence fishing, or a foreign fishing vessel registered on the Regional Register or any other regional register of fishing vessels maintained under a regional fisheries management agreement or arrangement, from the requirements of subsection (2).
Commercial sport (charter) fishing vessel licence requirement
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
30 Commercial sport fishing Licences (1) No fishing vessel shall be used for reward or hire for sport fishing in the fisheries waters without a commercial sport fishing vessel licence issued by the Chief Executive Officer.
Spearfishing recognised as a small-scale fishing technique
Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026
Fishing techniques may involve diving (including spearfishing), hand lining, netting or gleaning (often by women), octopus fishing (a'afeke), drop lining and trolling. ... This Plan applies to ... any fishing activities within that area that include, but are not limited to: i) net fishing ii) trolling, line and reef fishing iii) spear fishing.
Restrictions on protected marine species (turtles, giant clam, mud crab, pearl oyster)
Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026
5.1 No person shall take, possess, sell or purchase any mud crab (Scylla serrata) carrying eggs. 5.2 No person shall sell giant clam (Tridacna spp) and turtle meat locally without inspection and authorization by the Ministry. ... 5.4 No person shall take, possess, sell or purchase any loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate) meat locally, during the open season, without inspection and authorization by the Ministry. ... 5.6 No person can harvest wing pearl oyster from the wild without the authorization from the CEO, Ministry of Fisheries.
तपाईं कहिले डाइभ गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ
सिजन र समय प्रतिबन्धहरू
वर्षभर बन्द, खुला र प्रतिबन्धित अवधिहरू। सधैं स्थानीय रूपमा प्रजाति-विशिष्ट बन्दाबन्दी पुष्टि गर्नुहोस्।
- बन्दSea urchin (Tukumisi)अक्ट 1 – नोभ 30
Sea urchin harvest is prohibited from October to November under the National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026 (section 7.1, Closed Season).
माछामारीको अनुमति
लाइसेन्स
पानीमा अनुमति पाउन के चाहिन्छ, कति खर्च लाग्छ, र कसरी प्राप्त गर्ने।
Subsistence and small-scale fishers register with the Ministry of Fisheries (vessel, gear and fisher registration). Net licences and export licences/permits are issued by the Ministry. Commercial sport (charter) fishing vessel licences are issued by the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Fisheries.
आफ्नो लाइसेन्स प्राप्त गर्नुहोस्आधिकारिक पोर्टल खोल्छ · tongafish.gov.to
- प्रकार
- No dedicated individual recreational spearfishing licence. Subsistence fishers must register with the Ministry of Fisheries; charter/guided sport-fishing operations require a commercial sport fishing vessel licence.
- लागत
- unknown
- वैधता
- unknown
- कसरी प्राप्त गर्ने
- Subsistence and small-scale fishers register with the Ministry of Fisheries (vessel, gear and fisher registration). Net licences and export licences/permits are issued by the Ministry. Commercial sport (charter) fishing vessel licences are issued by the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Fisheries.
- प्राधिकरण
- Ministry of Fisheries (Tonga)
उपकरण र प्रविधि
उपकरण नियमहरू
कुन उपकरण अनुमति छ, यसलाई कसरी प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ, र संलग्न सर्तहरू।
प्रतिबन्धहरू
- Use of spear guns and similar devices is subject to regulation by the Minister under the Fisheries Management Act 2002, s.101(2)(f).
- Use of underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) for fishing is prohibited; an exemption can be obtained from the Ministry of Fisheries.
- Use of underwater breathing apparatus and underwater torches for night fishing is subject to ministerial regulation.
- Spearfishing is generally conducted by breath-hold (free) diving.
The Fisheries Management Act enables the Minister to regulate spear guns, SCUBA and underwater torches; secondary sources indicate SCUBA fishing is banned absent a Ministry exemption. Spearguns themselves remain a recognised, legal small-scale fishing tool when used by free-diving.
तपाईं के लिन सक्नुहुन्छ
पकड सीमा र संरक्षित प्रजातिहरू
दैनिक कोटा, न्यूनतम आकार, र कहिल्यै नलिइने प्रजातिहरू।
दैनिक सीमा
No general national daily bag limit for subsistence spearfishing identified. Home-consumption export limit for finfish is 20 kg per person; commercial export limits apply per species (e.g. sea urchin/sea hares 50 kg/quarter, arch clams 20 kg/quarter).
न्यूनतम आकारहरू
- Acanthurus triostegus (Manini, convict surgeonfish)न्यूनतम 17 सेमी
- Ctenochaetus striatus (Pone 'uli)न्यूनतम 17 सेमी
- Naso hexacanthus (Ume atu)न्यूनतम 54 सेमी
- Naso lituratus (Ume lei)न्यूनतम 22 सेमी
- Naso lopezi (Ume atu)न्यूनतम 32 सेमी
- Naso unicornis (Ume / 'Ume kaki)न्यूनतम 32 सेमी
- Lethrinus xanthochilus (Ngungutoa)न्यूनतम 43 सेमी
- Lethrinus obsoletus (Tanutanu)न्यूनतम 24 सेमी
- Lethrinus nebulosus (Koango / 'Ika hina)न्यूनतम 41 सेमी
- Lethrinus harak (Tanutanu)न्यूनतम 22 सेमी
- Lethrinus olivaceus (Ngutukao / Ngutuloloa)न्यूनतम 43 सेमी
- Hipposcarus longiceps (Olomea)न्यूनतम 32 सेमी
- Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Ufu)न्यूनतम 21 सेमी
- Scarus ghobban (Hohomo)न्यूनतम 41 सेमी
- Scarus globiceps (Hohomo)न्यूनतम 29 सेमी
- Scarus schlegeli (Hohomo)न्यूनतम 26 सेमी
- Bolbometopon muricatum (Sikatoki, bumphead parrotfish)न्यूनतम 69 सेमी
- Chlorurus microrhinos (Sikatoki)न्यूनतम 45 सेमी
- Siganus argenteus (Ma'ava)न्यूनतम 20 सेमी
- Siganus fuscescens (Ma'ava)न्यूनतम 20 सेमी
- Siganus vermiculatus (Pongongo)न्यूनतम 25 सेमी
- Siganus spinus (oo)न्यूनतम 14 सेमी
- Octopus (Feke)न्यूनतम 60 सेमी
संरक्षित प्रजातिहरू — नलिनुहोस्
- संरक्षितAll whales and dolphins (cetaceans) — fully protected from hunting/killing (royal ban since 1978; reaffirmed in fisheries legislation)
- संरक्षितGiant grouper (prohibited to harvest or export — Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008)
- संरक्षितBumphead / humphead parrotfish (prohibited to harvest or export — Conservation Regulations 2008)
- संरक्षितHumphead (Napoleon) wrasse (prohibited to harvest or export — Conservation Regulations 2008)
- संरक्षितRays (prohibited to harvest or export — Conservation Regulations 2008)
- संरक्षितLeatherback turtle — no take
- संरक्षितSea turtles (loggerhead, green, hawksbill, olive ridley) — take restricted; closed/open seasons and ministry authorization required; size limits apply
- संरक्षितGiant clam (Tridacna spp.) — commercial and home-consumption export prohibited; local sale requires ministry inspection
- संरक्षितMud crab carrying eggs — no take
- संरक्षितWing/winged pearl oyster — no wild harvest without CEO authorization
Size limits and protected-species rules are set out in the National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026 (Tongan vernacular names retained). The Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008 additionally prohibit harvest/export of giant grouper, bumphead parrotfish, humphead wrasse and rays (per secondary sources). Turtle minimum sizes listed in the Plan: olive ridley 66 cm, green 108 cm, loggerhead 100 cm, hawksbill 76 cm; leatherback = no take.
को माछामारी गर्न सक्छ
पर्यटक र निवासीहरू
विदेशी पर्यटक र स्थानीय निवासीहरूका लागि नियमहरू कसरी फरक छन्।
विदेशी पर्यटकहरू
अनुमति छआवश्यकताहरू
- Follow all Tongan fisheries and conservation laws, which expressly apply to all visitors including tourists and boaters.
- Do not fish or spearfish inside any Special Management Area (reserved for registered community members) or any Fish Habitat Reserve (no-take).
- Observe national size limits, the SCUBA fishing prohibition and protected-species rules.
प्रतिबन्धहरू
- No spearfishing/fishing in SMAs or Fish Habitat Reserves.
- No taking of protected species (whales, dolphins, listed reef fish, turtles, giant clam).
- Charter/guided sport-fishing operators must hold a commercial sport fishing vessel licence.
No specific evidence of a dedicated tourist spearfishing permit was found; visitors fish recreationally under the same national rules as residents. Where there is doubt over local SMA boundaries, boaters are advised to use the Ministry/community SMA chart overlays and to pay community anchorage fees where applicable.
निवासीहरू
Subsistence/small-scale fisher registration with the Ministry of Fisheries; SMA membership for community-managed areas.
आवश्यकताहरू
- Small-scale fishers undertaking subsistence or commercial fishing must register with the Ministry of Fisheries.
- Small-scale fishing vessels must be on the Ministry's Fishing Vessel Register; cast nets must be on the Cast Net Register.
- Only registered members of a coastal community may fish within that community's Special Management Area.
सुविधाहरू
- Registered SMA community members hold preferential/exclusive access to fish within their community's Special Management Area.
- Non-motorised subsistence canoes can be exempted from vessel registration by Gazette notice.
The Special Management Area (SMA) programme grants coastal communities stewardship and preferential access to adjacent marine areas under the Fisheries Management Act 2002 and the Fisheries (Coastal Communities) Regulations 2009.
तटमा कहाँ
अनुमति र निषेध गरिएका क्षेत्रहरू
भालाफाँड माछामारीका लागि खुला वा बन्द नामित क्षेत्रहरू। अन्तरक्रियात्मक नक्सामा पूर्ण चित्र हेर्नुहोस्।
अनुमति दिइएका क्षेत्रहरू
Spearfishing (free-diving) is permitted as a small-scale/subsistence fishing method throughout Tonga's coastal waters (out to roughly the fringing reefs and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea), subject to national size limits, protected-species rules, the SCUBA prohibition, and exclusion from Special Management Areas where the diver is not a registered community member.
Free-diving only (no SCUBA without Ministry exemption); national species size limits apply; protected/no-take species may not be taken; must not enter another community's SMA or any Fish Habitat Reserve.
निषेध गरिएका क्षेत्रहरू
- Special Management Areas (SMAs) — nationwide networkcommunity fishery management area (no fishing for non-members)
Community-managed Special Management Areas exist around most coastal communities across Tongatapu, Ha'apai and Vava'u. Within an SMA only registered members of the host community may fish; non-members, including tourists and visiting boaters, may not fish or spearfish. Tonga's fisheries and conservation laws apply to all visitors.
- Fish Habitat Reserves (FHRs) within SMAsno-take marine reserve
Each Special Management Area contains a permanent no-take Fish Habitat Reserve where all fishing, spearfishing and collection of marine life is strictly prohibited for everyone, including community members and visitors.
- Vava'u Special Management Areascommunity fishery management area / no-take zone
SMAs are scattered throughout the Vava'u island group, often near key islands and traditional fishing grounds, with designated 'No Anchoring, No Fishing or Fish Habitat' zones. Fishing and spearfishing by non-members is prohibited. Exact boundaries are published via OpenCPN chart overlays for boaters.
- Hakaumama'o Reef Reservereef reserve / no-take marine reserve
Statutory marine/reef reserve on the outer barrier reef north of Tongatapu, declared in 1979 under the Parks and Reserves Act 1976; collection of shells and marine life (including spearfishing) is prohibited. Largest of the Tongatapu reef reserves (~126-159 ha). Located on the outer reef approximately 14 km north of Nuku'alofa, in the same northern lagoon/reef system as Pangaimotu and Malinoa. Center point approximate (no exact boundary table published).
- Pangaimotu Reef Reservereef reserve / marine reserve
Reef reserve around Pangaimotu Island just north of Nuku'alofa, Tongatapu, declared a national marine reserve (originally 1979/1989) under Tonga's reserves legislation. Collection of marine life is prohibited. Approx. 35 ha.
- Malinoa Island Park and Reef Reserveisland park & reef reserve
Island park and reef reserve around Malinoa Island, an uninhabited islet north of Nuku'alofa, Tongatapu. Designated 1979 (IUCN Category IV per SPREP/PIPAP). All collection of marine life is prohibited; ~0.88 km² (≈91 ha). Coordinates from the Malinoa Range lighthouses on the island.
- Monuafe Island Park and Reef Reserveisland park & reef reserve
Island park and reef reserve around the (now eroded/submerged) Monuafe islet north of Nuku'alofa, Tongatapu, declared 1979. Collection of marine life prohibited; ~50 ha. The islet itself eroded away by ~2014 but the gazetted reef reserve area remains.
- Ha'atafu Beach Reservebeach / lagoon marine reserve
Marine reserve over the lagoon and reef at Ha'atafu Beach (Kanokupolu / Hihifo peninsula) on the north-western tip of Tongatapu, ~21 km west of Nuku'alofa; declared 1979. Collection of shells and marine life (and spearfishing) is prohibited; ~71 ha (Protected Planet reports 5.03 km² designated area).
- Muihopohoponga Coastal Reservecoastal reserve
Coastal reserve on the north-eastern coast of Tongatapu near Niutoua (close to the Ha'amonga 'a Maui trilithon), declared as part of Tonga's reserves; ~89 ha. Collection of marine life is restricted.
- Fanga'uta and Fanga Kakau Lagoons Marine Reservelagoon marine reserve
Marine reserve covering the enclosed double-lagoon system (Fanga'uta and Fanga Kakau) in the interior/north of Tongatapu, declared a marine reserve in 1974. A shallow, almost-enclosed embayment; fishing and harvesting of marine life are regulated/restricted.
- Coral Gardens Marine Reserve (Vaka'eitu / Nuapapu, Vava'u)reef snorkeling reserve
Designated marine reserve on the reef extending between Nuapapu and Vaka'eitu islands in the Vava'u group, a popular snorkeling site where collection of marine life (and spearfishing) is prohibited.
पानीमा अवस्थाहरू
लाइभ अवस्थाहरू
Tongaको तटीय सन्दर्भ बिन्दु नजिक Open-Meteo बाट लाइभ समुद्री र मौसम स्न्यापसट। अवस्थाहरू तटको लम्बाइमा भिन्न हुन्छन् — सांकेतिक मानेर व्यवहार गर्नुहोस्।
Vava'u Special Management Areas नजिक लाइभ समुद्री र मौसम।
कसलाई सोध्ने
प्राधिकरणहरू
मत्स्यपालन र लाइसेन्सिङका लागि जिम्मेवार आधिकारिक निकायहरू।
Ministry of Fisheries (Kingdom of Tonga)
fisheries authority
tongafish.gov.toNuku'alofa, TongaForum Fisheries Agency (FFA) — regional
regional fisheries body
ffa.intHoniara, Solomon IslandsPacific Community (SPC) — Coastal Fisheries & Aquaculture
regional technical agency
cbfm.spc.intNoumea, New Caledonia
यो कहाँबाट आउँछ
स्रोतहरू
यस पृष्ठमा प्रत्येक दावी यी सन्दर्भहरूमध्ये एकमा फर्किन्छ।
- [01]
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition) — official text (Tonga Trade Portal)
आधिकारिकtonga.tradeportal.orgजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [02]
Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026 (FAOLEX)
आधिकारिकfaolex.fao.orgजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [03]
Tonga Ministry of Fisheries — official website (regulations & legislation)
आधिकारिकtongafish.gov.toजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [04]
Fisheries Management Act 2002 — Global Fishing Legislative Database (The Outlaw Ocean Project)
द्वितीयकtheoutlawocean.comजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [05]
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (No. 26 of 2002) — ECOLEX record
द्वितीयकecolex.orgजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [06]
Navigating Vava'u Special Management Areas: A Guide for International Boaters in Tonga
communityblog.noforeignland.comजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [07]
Tonga | SPC Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture (CBFM) — Special Management Areas
द्वितीयकcbfm.spc.intजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो - [08]
Whale Watching and Swimming Regulations 2013 — Tonga (Tonga Trade Portal)
आधिकारिकtonga.tradeportal.orgजुन 15मा पहुँच गरियो
अनुसन्धानकर्ताका नोटहरू
Spearfishing in Tonga is legal but conditional. Key load-bearing findings, all source-backed: (1) The Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06) gives the Minister power to regulate spear guns, SCUBA and underwater torches (s.101(2)(f)) and to require recreational/sport-fishing licences (s.101(2)(e)) — verbatim text captured from the official PDF. (2) SCUBA fishing is prohibited unless exempted by the Ministry (per secondary sources, consistent with the Act's enabling power); free-diving spearfishing is the norm and is recognised as a small-scale technique in the 2023-2026 Coastal Fisheries Plan. (3) Nationwide community Special Management Areas (SMAs) reserve fishing to registered community members, and Fish Habitat Reserves within them are full no-take zones — these apply to all visitors. (4) Detailed minimum size limits and protected-species/turtle/giant-clam rules and a sea-urchin closed season (Oct-Nov) come verbatim from the official Coastal Fisheries Plan. (5) The Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008 additionally protect giant grouper, bumphead parrotfish, humphead wrasse and rays (confirmed via secondary sources; the primary regulation text was not directly retrieved). Confidence is MEDIUM: the Act and the Coastal Fisheries Plan were read verbatim from official PDFs, but the precise wording of the SCUBA-spearfishing prohibition and the 2008 Conservation Regulations was corroborated through secondary sources rather than fetched primary text. No per-individual recreational spearfishing licence regime was found; visitors fish under national rules. Coordinates for individual SMAs are not publicly itemised (boundaries are distributed via OpenCPN overlays); only an approximate Vava'u group centroid is given.
Tonga का नियम परिवर्तन हुँदा मलाई सूचित गर्नुहोस्
हाम्रो डेटासेटमा Tonga का मौसम वा नियमहरू अपडेट हुँदा हामी तपाईंलाई इमेल गर्नेछौं।