South Sudan
Africa · Eastern Africa
South Sudan is a landlocked country, so there is no marine spearfishing; the only relevant context is freshwater fishing in the White Nile, the Sudd wetland, and associated rivers and lakes. There is no spearfishing-specific legislation. The fishery is overwhelmingly artisanal and subsistence-based, and traditional gear such as spears, bows and arrows, traps and baskets has long been used. The governing statute is the colonial-era Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954 (inherited from Sudan), whose legitimacy is itself described as doubtful in the country's own official policy document. A modern Fisheries Bill (drafted 2006, re-edited as the draft Fisheries Bill 2012) has not been enacted, and as of recent reporting the sector still suffers from a lack of an up-to-date legal framework. Under the 1954 Act, the Minister has regulation-making powers over closed seasons, prohibited areas and methods, and gear limitations, and licences are issued for fishing, sport fishing and sport-fishing clubs, but no provision specifically addresses recreational underwater (spear) fishing. Recreational spearfishing as a regulated activity is effectively undefined; legality is therefore best characterised as unknown.
Sist oppdatert Juni 15, 2026
Styrende rammeverk
- §Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954 (inherited from Sudan; applies to freshwater rivers and lakes)
- §Draft Fisheries Bill 2012 (prepared 2006, re-edited 2012; NOT enacted)
- §Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016 (Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, policy document, not binding law)
- §Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act 2003 (protected areas / national parks framework)
Loven, ordrett
Lovtekster
De eksakte lovfestede og regulatoriske bestemmelsene som gjelder for spearfishing her, sitert slik de er publisert, med lenke til hver offisiell kilde.
Current Legislation - status of fisheries law in South Sudan
Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016 (citing the Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954)
The current legislation dates from the 1950s before the creation of the Republic of South Sudan and there is some doubt as to its legitimacy. It is contained in the Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954 which applies to all freshwater rivers and lakes in such parts of Sudan as the Minister of Animal Resources may, from time to time, notify in the Official Gazette (sect. 2). It includes various clauses including that no person shall introduce non-indigenous species without a permit (sect. 4). Other provisions relate to use of gear (sects. 5-7), licences for boats (sect. 8) fishing licences (sect. 9), regulation making powers of the Minister (sect. 10) and offences (sect. 11).
Ministerial regulation-making powers under the draft Fisheries Bill (closed seasons, prohibited areas and methods, gear limits)
Draft Fisheries Bill 2012 (as described in the Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016)
This draft allows for the Director General to implement it and to impose regulations through the Gazette and the Minister on many things including:- Closed seasons; Prohibited areas and methods; Limitations on gears; Size age amount etc of fish caught; Regulate the landing of fish and management of landing areas; Control aquatic plants; Damming, blocking etc of rivers; To collaborate on irrigation schemes; To issue and refuse licenses; Registration of vessels; Use of explosives and illegal methods and The powers of authorised officers.
Licence types under the existing legislation
Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016 (describing licences under the Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954 / draft Bill)
Licenses are issued for fishing, aquarium fish catching, sports fishing, fish processing (but no QC mentioned), fish trading, fish movement, culturing aquarium fish, export of aquarium fish, disposal of aquarium fish, import and export and sport fishing clubs.
Status of the draft Fisheries Bill - not enacted
Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016
A draft Fisheries Bill was prepared in 2006 and has now been re-edited as the draft Fisheries Bill 2012. The bill is based on a template from elsewhere, and has been adapted to the South Sudan, including some references to marine organisms of which there are none in South Sudan.
Når du kan dykke
Sesonger og tidsbegrensninger
Lukkede, åpne og begrensede perioder gjennom året. Bekreft alltid artsspesifikke lukkinger lokalt.
- BegrensetAll freshwater capture fisheries (no spearfishing-specific season exists)
No statutory closed season is currently in force for spearfishing or recreational fishing. Under the Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954 and the draft Fisheries Bill 2012 the Minister has the power to declare closed seasons by notice in the Official Gazette, but no such generally applicable, currently effective closed season has been identified. Fishing is highly seasonal in practice, with about two-thirds of the catch taken during the rainy season (May to September).
Tillatelse til å fiske
Lisens
Hva du trenger for å ha lov til å dykke, hva det koster, og hvordan du skaffer det.
Operational fishing licences are issued administratively by the Ministry (Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development); licence categories under the existing framework include fishing, sports fishing and sport fishing clubs. No dedicated spearfishing licence is defined.
Skaff lisensen dinÅpner den offisielle portalen · faolex.fao.org
- Type
- Fishing licence / sport fishing licence (no spearfishing-specific licence exists)
- Kostnad
- unknown
- Gyldighet
- unknown
- Hvordan du får det
- Operational fishing licences are issued administratively by the Ministry (Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development); licence categories under the existing framework include fishing, sports fishing and sport fishing clubs. No dedicated spearfishing licence is defined.
- Myndighet
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (formerly Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries), Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development
Utstyr og teknikk
Utstyrsregler
Hvilket utstyr som er tillatt, hvordan det kan brukes, og hvilke betingelser som gjelder.
Begrensninger
- Use of explosives and illegal fishing methods is prohibited under the existing/draft legislation
- The Minister has power to limit gears and prohibit certain methods and areas, but no specific rules on spearguns or recreational spears have been identified
Traditional fishing in South Sudan has long used spears, bows and arrows, fish barriers, traps, baskets and local canoes. These are subsistence/artisanal methods rather than regulated recreational spearfishing. The 1954 Act and the draft Fisheries Bill 2012 address gear use (sects. 5-7) and ban explosives and 'illegal methods', but contain no provisions specific to spearguns, freediving or recreational underwater hunting.
Hva du kan ta
Fangstbegrensninger og vernede arter
Daglige kvoter, minimumsstørrelser og arter som aldri må tas.
Daglig grense
unknown
No published statutory daily bag limits or species size limits specific to recreational fishing or spearfishing have been identified. The draft Fisheries Bill 2012 would empower the Minister to regulate the 'size, age, amount etc of fish caught', but this is not enacted. Key commercial freshwater species in the Sudd include Nile perch (Lates niloticus), tilapias, catfishes (Clarias spp.), Distichodus spp., Gymnarchus spp., Heterotis spp. and Citharinus spp.
Hvem kan fiske
Besøkende og innbyggere
Hvordan reglene er forskjellige for utenlandske besøkende og lokale innbyggere.
Utenlandske besøkende
No specific rules governing recreational spearfishing by foreigners have been identified. Sport fishing is offered by a small number of tour operators on the Nile and in the Sudd, but there is no clear regulatory regime for foreign recreational anglers or spearfishers. Security conditions and protected-area access are practical constraints.
Innbyggere
Artisanal / subsistence freshwater fishing (customary and community-based)
Resident communities fish largely on a subsistence and artisanal basis under customary practice, using traditional gear including spears. There is no formal residents-vs-foreigners distinction in the published spearfishing rules because no spearfishing-specific regime exists.
Hvor langs kysten
Tillatte og forbudte soner
Navngitte områder som er åpne eller lukkede for spearfishing. Se hele bildet på det interaktive kartet.
Forbudte områder
- Sudd wetland (Ramsar Site No. 1622)Ramsar wetland of international importance
The Sudd is one of the world's largest tropical freshwater wetlands, formed by the White Nile between Malakal and Bor. The official policy document places it between 6 and 9 degrees 30 minutes N and 30 to 32 degrees E. It was designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention on 5 June 2006. It is a critical fish breeding and biodiversity area; while artisanal/subsistence fishing by local communities continues, the area is a protected wetland of international importance and spearfishing is not a sanctioned recreational activity here.
- National parks and game reserves under the Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act 2003 (e.g. Boma, Badingilo, Nimule, Southern National Park)national park / game reserve
South Sudan maintains 19 wildlife protected areas (six national parks and 13 game reserves) under the Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act 2003, several of which (such as Nimule on the White Nile, and the seasonal wetlands of Boma and Badingilo) include aquatic habitats. The Act governs conservation and the taking of wildlife in these protected areas; recreational spearfishing within national parks is not a permitted activity.
- Nimule National Parknational park (riverine, White Nile)
National park established 1954 in Eastern Equatoria State on the border with Uganda, traversed by the White Nile which creates fertile floodplains and the Fola Rapids. Riverine/freshwater habitat protected under the Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act 2003; recreational spearfishing within national parks is not a permitted activity.
- Shambe National Parknational park (White Nile / Sudd floodplain)
National park established 1985 on the west bank of the White Nile within the Sudd wetland system, protecting floodplain grasslands, oxbow lakes, riverine forest and seasonal wetlands. Freshwater/aquatic protected area under the Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act 2003; recreational spearfishing not permitted in national parks.
- Boma National Parknational park (grasslands / floodplains)
National park established 1977 in eastern South Sudan near the Ethiopian border, covering ~22,800 sq km of grasslands and floodplains, part of the Boma-Badingilo migratory landscape. Protected under the Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act 2003; recreational spearfishing within national parks is not permitted.
Betingelser på vannet
Sanntidsbetingelser
Sanntids marin- og væroversikt nær et kystnært referansepunkt i South Sudan, fra Open-Meteo. Betingelsene varierer langs kysten — behandle dette som veiledende.
Live marin- og værdata nær Sudd wetland (Ramsar Site No. 1622).
Hvem du skal spørre
Myndigheter
De offisielle organene ansvarlige for fiskeri og lisensiering.
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (formerly Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries), Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development
fisheries authority
mafs.gov.ssJuba, South SudanMinistry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism (protected areas / national parks)
wildlife and protected areas authority
ecolex.orgJuba, South Sudan
Hvor dette kommer fra
Kilder
Hvert påstand på denne siden kan spores tilbake til en av disse referansene.
- [01]
Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016 (Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development) - FAOLEX PDF ssd146714
Offisiellfaolex.fao.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [02]
Fisheries Policy for South Sudan 2012-2016 - ECOLEX record
Offisiellecolex.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [03]
Wild Life Conservation and National Parks Act, 2003 - ECOLEX/FAOLEX record
Offisiellecolex.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [04]
Sudan's designation of the Sudd marshes on World Environment Day 2006 - Ramsar Convention
Offisiellramsar.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [05]
Sudd | Ramsar Sites Information Service (Site No. 1622)
Offisiellrsis.ramsar.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [06]
Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries (South Sudan) - Wikipedia (ministry renaming to Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries)
Sekundæren.wikipedia.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [07]
Fledgling Fishing Sector in South Sudan Is Growing, but Threatened by a Lack of Policies - Pulitzer Center
Sekundærpulitzercenter.orgÅpnet Jun 15 - [08]
Fishing in South Sudan - Exploring the Rich Aquatic Biodiversity of the Nile & Sudd Swamp (traditional spear/bow methods) - Magical South Sudan Tours
communitymagicalsouthsudan.comÅpnet Jun 15
Forskernotater
South Sudan (independent 2011) is landlocked, so there is no marine spearfishing; this record covers freshwater fishing in the White Nile, the Sudd wetland and associated lakes and rivers. There is NO spearfishing-specific legislation. The only fisheries statute in force is the colonial-era Freshwater Fisheries Act 1954 (inherited from Sudan), whose legitimacy the country's own official Fisheries Policy 2012-2016 describes as doubtful. A modern Fisheries Bill, drafted in 2006 and re-edited as the draft Fisheries Bill 2012, has not been enacted, and secondary reporting (Pulitzer Center / InfoNile, 2024) confirms the sector still lacks an up-to-date legal framework and that the Ministry only issues operational fishing licences. Verbatim legal-status text was retrieved from the official Ministry policy PDF on FAOLEX (ssd146714.pdf), which paraphrases the relevant sections of the 1954 Act and the draft Bill; the full statutory text of the 1954 Act itself was not retrievable online. Traditional artisanal/subsistence fishing with spears, bows and arrows, traps and baskets is widespread, but this is customary subsistence practice, not a regulated recreational-spearfishing regime. Because no recreational spearfishing rules exist and the underlying framework is unsettled, spearfishing_allowed is set to 'unknown' and data_confidence to 'low'. Coordinates for the Sudd (lat 8.0, lng 31.0) are approximate, derived from the Ramsar designation (~8N 31E) and corroborated by the policy document range (6 to 9 degrees 30 minutes N, 30 to 32 degrees E).
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