Spain
Europe · Southern Europe
Recreational spearfishing (pesca marítima de recreo submarina) is legal in Spain but tightly regulated. At national level it is governed by Real Decreto 347/2011 (for exterior waters), which restricts it to breath-hold (free) diving only: any underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) is prohibited, as are mechanical propulsion devices, night fishing, loaded spearguns out of the water, and explosive/electric points. A spearfishing activity licence issued by the competent coastal Autonomous Community is mandatory; in practice the Autonomous Communities also issue licences for exterior waters by delegation and set additional rules (minimum age, medical certificate of fitness for free diving, signalling buoy, distance from beaches/swimmers, catch caps). Only fish and cephalopods listed in Annex I may be taken, respecting the minimum sizes of Real Decreto 560/1995. Spearfishing is banned inside marine reserves of fishing interest (reservas marinas de interés pesquero) and other MPAs. A federation licence and personal accident insurance are commonly required to use a mechanically-powered speargun.
Последнее обновление июнь 15, 2026
Регулирующая база
- §Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo, por el que se regula la pesca marítima de recreo en aguas exteriores
- §Real Decreto 560/1995, de 7 de abril, por el que se establecen las tallas mínimas de determinadas especies pesqueras
- §Ley 3/2001, de 26 de marzo, de Pesca Marítima del Estado
- §Orden ARM/3841/2008, de 23 de diciembre (reserva marina de interés pesquero de las islas Columbretes)
- §Autonomous Community fisheries regulations (e.g. Cataluña, Illes Balears, Galicia, Andalucía, Región de Murcia, País Vasco) implementing licences and additional rules in interior waters
- Требуется лицензия
- Требуется
- Подводное ружьё
- Разрешено
- Акваланг
- Запрещено
- Иностранцы
- Допускаются
Закон дословно
Тексты законов
Точные законодательные и нормативные положения, регулирующие подводную охоту здесь, процитированные так, как опубликованы, со ссылкой на каждый официальный источник.
Definition of submarine recreational fishing
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
Submarina: es la que se practica buceando a pulmón libre, sin utilizar ningún tipo de elemento que permita la respiración en inmersión ni de medios mecánicos de propulsión.
Authorized species and minimum sizes
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
En el ejercicio de la pesca marítima de recreo sólo se podrán capturar aquellas especies autorizadas de peces y cefalópodos que se aparecen en el anexo I del presente real decreto, debiendo respetar, en todo caso, las tallas mínimas establecidas en el Real Decreto 560/1995.
Activity licence required for submarine fishing
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
Para poder practicar la pesca marítima de recreo submarina será necesario estar en posesión de la licencia de actividad expedida por el órgano competente de una comunidad autónoma del litoral.
Permitted capture instrument (harpoon/speargun)
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
Únicamente está permitido el arpón manual o impulsado por medios mecánicos y que podrá tener una o varias puntas.
Prohibition of carrying spearfishing gear and breathing equipment together
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
Se prohíbe la práctica de la pesca submarina de recreo cuando se lleve a bordo de la embarcación, simultáneamente, instrumentos de captura de pesca submarina y equipos de respiración en inmersión.
Mandatory signalling buoy and maximum distance from it
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
Cada buceador deberá marcar su posición mediante una boya de señalización claramente visible, de la que no deberá alejarse de un radio superior a 0,013 millas náuticas o 25 metros.
Specific prohibitions for submarine fishing
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
En el ejercicio de esta modalidad de pesca marítima de recreo queda expresamente prohibido, además de lo establecido en las letras b), d), y e) del artículo 12: a) Tener el fusil cargado fuera del agua. b) El empleo de instrumentos de captura con punta explosiva eléctrica o electrónica, así como de focos luminosos, salvo las linternas de mano. c) El uso o tenencia de artefactos hidrodeslizadores y vehículos similares. d) La práctica de esta actividad en horario nocturno, desde el ocaso al orto.
General prohibitions referenced for submarine fishing (distance to professional gear; attraction methods; toxic/explosive substances)
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo
b) Interferir la práctica de la pesca profesional. A estos efectos, las embarcaciones deberán mantener una distancia mínima de 0,162 millas náuticas (equivalente a 300,024 metros). [...] d) El empleo de cualquier medio de atracción o concentración artificial de las especies a capturar y, de forma expresa, el uso de luces a tal objeto, excepto el brumeo con pequeños pelágicos. e) El uso o tenencia de cualquier clase de sustancia venenosa, narcótica, explosiva o contaminante.
Prohibition of spearfishing inside Islas Columbretes marine reserve
Orden ARM/3841/2008, de 23 de diciembre
Queda prohibido cualquier otro uso no recogido en el presente artículo, salvo autorización expresa de la Dirección General de Recursos Pesqueros y Acuicultura y, en especial, la pesca en las modalidades de arrastre, palangre de fondo y de superficie, la pesca de coral, la pesca submarina, el «jigging» [...]
Когда можно погружаться
Сезоны и временны́е ограничения
Закрытые, открытые и ограниченные периоды в течение года. Всегда уточняйте на месте закрытия по конкретным видам.
- ЗакрытоAll submarine fishing - daily night-time closuresunset – sunrise
Submarine fishing is prohibited at night, from sunset to sunrise (desde el ocaso al orto). Art. 16.d) RD 347/2011.
Разрешение на охоту
Лицензия
Что нужно, чтобы вам разрешили войти в воду, сколько это стоит и как это получить.
Apply through the fisheries authority of the relevant coastal Autonomous Community (online or in person). A medical certificate of fitness for underwater/free-diving (issued by a doctor qualified in hyperbaric/underwater medicine), or a valid federation licence covering the medical, plus suitable accident insurance, is generally required. ID (DNI for citizens; NIE/passport for foreigners) and payment of the regional fee are needed.
Получить лицензиюОткрывает официальный портал · mapa.gob.es
- Тип
- Licencia de pesca marítima de recreo submarina (autonomous-community activity licence for free-diving spearfishing)
- Стоимость
- Varies by Autonomous Community; typically very low official fees (e.g. Illes Balears 28.92 EUR/year; Andalucía from ~9 EUR; Cataluña higher). People over 65 are often exempt from the fee in some regions.
- Срок действия
- Varies by region (commonly 1 to 4 years); for minors under 18, validity is generally limited to 12 months.
- Как получить
- Apply through the fisheries authority of the relevant coastal Autonomous Community (online or in person). A medical certificate of fitness for underwater/free-diving (issued by a doctor qualified in hyperbaric/underwater medicine), or a valid federation licence covering the medical, plus suitable accident insurance, is generally required. ID (DNI for citizens; NIE/passport for foreigners) and payment of the regional fee are needed.
- Орган власти
- Competent fisheries authority of the coastal Autonomous Community (órgano competente de la comunidad autónoma del litoral)
Снаряжение и техника
Правила по снаряжению
Какое снаряжение разрешено, как его можно использовать и при каких условиях.
Ограничения
- Only a hand-thrown or mechanically-powered harpoon/speargun (arpón manual o impulsado por medios mecánicos), with one or more points, is permitted (Art. 14.1 RD 347/2011).
- Underwater breathing apparatus (scuba/escafandra autónoma) is prohibited - spearfishing must be done on breath-hold only (Art. 3.c, Art. 14.2 RD 347/2011).
- Mechanical propulsion devices and water scooters/hydrosliders (artefactos hidrodeslizadores) are prohibited (Art. 16.c RD 347/2011).
- The speargun may not be loaded out of the water (Art. 16.a RD 347/2011).
- Explosive, electric or electronic points and light beams are prohibited; only hand torches are allowed (Art. 16.b RD 347/2011).
- A clearly visible signalling buoy is mandatory and the diver must stay within 25 m of it (Art. 15 RD 347/2011).
- Several Autonomous Communities additionally require a federation licence and personal accident insurance to use a mechanically-powered speargun.
Spearfishing is legally restricted to free (breath-hold) diving. Possession of both spearfishing gear and breathing equipment together on a vessel is itself an offence (Art. 14.2).
Что можно добывать
Лимиты добычи и охраняемые виды
Дневные квоты, минимальные размеры и виды, которые нельзя добывать ни при каких условиях.
Дневной лимит
National recreational maritime fishing cap is set per management zone by ministerial order; for submarine fishing a maximum of 5 kg per licence holder and day is widely applied (one larger single specimen may be excluded from the weight count). Some Autonomous Communities set their own caps (e.g. Cataluña 10 kg/person/day). Verify the cap in force for the specific region.
Охраняемые виды — добывать нельзя
- ОхраняетсяOnly fish and cephalopods listed in Annex I of RD 347/2011 may be taken; all other species (including crustaceans, molluscs and marine invertebrates other than the listed cephalopods) may not be captured.
- ОхраняетсяMinimum legal sizes of Real Decreto 560/1995 must be respected for all authorized species.
Minimum sizes are species-specific and set in RD 560/1995 (and regional rules); specific per-species centimetre values were not transcribed here. Coral fishing and protected/endangered species are prohibited.
Кто может охотиться
Гости и резиденты
Чем отличаются правила для иностранных гостей и местных жителей.
Иностранные гости
РазрешеноТребования
- Obtain the same autonomous-community spearfishing activity licence as residents.
- Identity document for foreigners: NIE, passport or a government document of the country recognised by the Spanish Administration (required at least for first issuance).
- Medical certificate of fitness for free-diving / underwater fishing (or equivalent federation licence) and suitable insurance.
- Comply with the rules of the Autonomous Community whose coast the activity takes place on.
Ограничения
- Same equipment, season, buoy, distance and marine-reserve restrictions as residents.
- Some regions may require Spanish-recognised documentation or a local representative for the application.
Non-residents/tourists may obtain a regional spearfishing licence; procedures and accepted documents vary by Autonomous Community. Confirm with the specific regional fisheries authority before diving.
Резиденты
Licencia de pesca marítima de recreo submarina (regional activity licence)
Требования
- Minimum age 16 (under-16s may not practise even if accompanied); minors under 18 need parental/guardian consent.
- Medical certificate of fitness for free-diving issued by a doctor qualified in hyperbaric/underwater medicine, or a valid federation licence that includes it.
- Accident insurance suitable for spearfishing (typically via the federation licence).
- Payment of the regional fee.
Преимущества
- Lower or no fee for retirees/over-65 in some Autonomous Communities.
Rules and fees are set per Autonomous Community; check the specific region's fisheries authority.
Где на побережье
Разрешённые и запрещённые зоны
Названные районы, открытые или закрытые для подводной охоты. Полную картину смотрите на интерактивной карте.
Разрешённые районы
One of the four management zones of Spanish exterior waters defined in Art. 2 RD 347/2011 (Atlantic north and northwest coast). Spearfishing permitted under national and regional rules, outside protected areas.
Breath-hold only; activity licence required; no scuba; daily/regional catch caps; minimum sizes (RD 560/1995); buoy mandatory.
One of the four management zones of Spanish exterior waters (Art. 2 RD 347/2011), covering the Gulf of Cádiz. Spearfishing permitted under national and regional rules, outside protected areas.
Breath-hold only; activity licence required; no scuba; daily/regional catch caps; minimum sizes; buoy mandatory.
One of the four management zones of Spanish exterior waters (Art. 2 RD 347/2011), covering the Mediterranean coast. Spearfishing permitted under national and regional rules, outside protected areas.
Breath-hold only; activity licence required; no scuba; daily/regional catch caps; minimum sizes; buoy mandatory; banned in marine reserves.
One of the four management zones of Spanish exterior waters (Art. 2 RD 347/2011), covering the Canary Islands. Spearfishing permitted under national and regional rules, outside protected areas.
Breath-hold only; activity licence required; no scuba; daily/regional catch caps; minimum sizes; buoy mandatory; banned in marine reserves.
Запрещённые районы
State-managed marine reserve off Castellón (~30 nautical miles offshore). Spearfishing (pesca submarina) is expressly prohibited; carrying any fishing/extraction instrument other than a knife is also prohibited. Delimited by points A 39º55,700'N 000º38,730'E, B 39º55,700'N 000º42,910'E, C 39º49,400'N 000º41,180'E, D 39º49,400'N 000º38,730'E (WGS-84).
- Reserva marina de Cabo de Palos - Islas Hormigasmarine reserve
Marine reserve of fishing interest in Región de Murcia where recreational spearfishing is prohibited.
- Reserva marina de Cabo de Gata-Níjarmarine reserve
State/regional marine reserve of fishing interest in Almería (Andalucía) where spearfishing is restricted/prohibited within the protected perimeter.
- Reserva marina de la Isla de Tabarcamarine reserve
Marine reserve of fishing interest off Alicante (the first declared in Spain) where spearfishing is prohibited.
Marine reserve of fishing interest in the Canary Islands where spearfishing is restricted/prohibited.
Marine reserve of fishing interest off El Hierro (Canary Islands) where spearfishing is restricted/prohibited within the protected perimeter.
Условия на воде
Живые условия
Живой снимок морской и погодной обстановки рядом с прибрежной опорной точкой в стране Spain, от Open-Meteo. Условия меняются вдоль побережья — воспринимайте как ориентировочные.
Живая морская и погодная обстановка рядом с Reserva marina de interés pesquero de las islas Columbretes.
На месте
Местные магазины и чартеры
Магазины снаряжения, чартеры, курсы и клубы по стране Spain. Примеры объявлений чётко отмечены, пока мы проверяем реальных операторов.
От сообщества
Места погружения от сообщества
Места, которыми поделились дайверы по стране Spain. Добавлены сообществом и не заменяют проверку местных правил и условий.
Costa Brava — Cap de Creus
Mediterranean rocky coastline near Cadaqués.
42.320°N, 3.320°E
К кому обращаться
Органы власти
Официальные органы, отвечающие за рыболовство и лицензирование.
Secretaría General de Pesca - Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (MAPA)
national fisheries authority
mapa.gob.eshttps://www.mapa.gob.esDirección General de Recursos Pesqueros y Acuicultura (MAPA) - manager of state marine reserves
fisheries authority / marine protected areas
mapa.gob.eshttps://www.mapa.gob.esAutonomous Community fisheries authorities (e.g. Generalitat de Catalunya, Govern de les Illes Balears, Xunta de Galicia, Junta de Andalucía, Región de Murcia, Gobierno Vasco)
regional fisheries authorities (licence issuers)
caib.esVaries by Autonomous Community
Откуда это взято
Источники
Каждое утверждение на этой странице восходит к одному из этих источников.
- [01]
BOE - Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo, por el que se regula la pesca marítima de recreo en aguas exteriores (texto consolidado)
Официальныйboe.esДоступ получен июнь 15 - [02]
MAPA - Pesca marítima de recreo: preguntas frecuentes
Официальныйmapa.gob.esДоступ получен июнь 15 - [03]
BOE - Orden ARM/3841/2008, reserva marina de interés pesquero de las islas Columbretes
Официальныйboe.esДоступ получен июнь 15 - [04]
MAPA - Reservas marinas de España (Islas Columbretes / listado de reservas)
Официальныйmapa.gob.esДоступ получен июнь 15 - [05]
Govern de les Illes Balears (CAIB) - Licencia de pesca marítima submarina (trámite oficial)
Официальныйcaib.esДоступ получен июнь 15 - [06]
Especies autorizadas, tallas mínimas y cupos máximos de capturas - Euskadi.eus (Gobierno Vasco)
Официальныйeuskadi.eusДоступ получен июнь 15 - [07]
PescaREC - Normativa estatal (recopilación de normativa de pesca recreativa)
Вторичныйpescarec.orgДоступ получен июнь 15 - [08]
Licencia de Pesca Submarina España 2026 - requisitos (medical certificate, age, costs)
Вторичныйlicenciascazaypesca.comДоступ получен июнь 15
Заметки исследователя
Spain has a two-tier system: national Real Decreto 347/2011 governs exterior waters and sets the core submarine-fishing rules (breath-hold only, no scuba, harpoon/speargun only, mandatory buoy, night ban, authorized species), while the 17 coastal Autonomous Communities regulate interior waters and issue the licences (and also issue exterior-waters licences by delegation), each adding their own age, medical-certificate, fee, validity, distance-from-shore and catch-cap rules. Therefore exact figures (licence cost, validity, daily catch cap, distance to swimmers/beaches) MUST be checked against the specific Autonomous Community where diving takes place. The 5 kg/day cap and the medical-certificate/age-16 requirements are widely applied but their precise legal basis is regional; they are reported here from official regional sources and reputable secondary sources. Per-species minimum sizes (RD 560/1995 and regional updates) were not transcribed individually. Verbatim national articles (Art. 3.c, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) and the Columbretes reserve prohibition were taken directly from BOE official consolidated texts.
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