Belarus
Europe · Eastern Europe
Belarus is landlocked, so spearfishing means freshwater underwater hunting (подводная охота) in inland fishing grounds. It is a legally recognised method of amateur fishing, but heavily restricted. It is allowed only without scuba/autonomous breathing apparatus, only in daylight, and only in water bodies on lists approved by regional executive committees (облисполкомы). A spearfisher must carry a valid membership card of the Republican State Public Association 'Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen' (РГОО БООР) and a 'certificate for the right to underwater hunting' (удостоверение на право подводной охоты) issued by БООР. Speargun harpoons may have no more than 5 prongs. Shooting from shore/pier or from vessels is prohibited; a spring spawning ban and species-specific closed seasons also apply. Foreigners/non-residents may fish by these methods on payment of a fee set by БООР instead of holding membership.
Cập nhật lần cuối Tháng 6 14, 2026
Khung pháp lý điều chỉnh
- §Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 284 of 21 July 2021 'On Fishing and Fishery Management' (Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 21.07.2021 № 284 «О рыболовстве и рыболовном хозяйстве»)
- §Rules of Amateur Fishing (Правила любительского рыболовства), approved by Decree No. 284, in force from 29 July 2022, with amendments of 2023
- §Regulation on the procedure for issuing the certificate for the right to underwater hunting and maintaining the register of underwater hunters, approved by Resolution of the Board of the Republican Council of РГОО БООР No. 109 of 15.12.2021
- Yêu cầu giấy phép
- Bắt buộc
- Súng lao
- Được phép
- Lặn bình khí
- Bị cấm
- Người nước ngoài
- Được chào đón
Luật, nguyên văn
Văn bản pháp lý
Các điều khoản luật định và quy định chính xác chi phối việc săn cá bằng súng lao tại đây, được trích dẫn như đã công bố, kèm liên kết đến từng nguồn chính thức.
Definition of underwater hunting (spearfishing)
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
подводная охота – способ любительского рыболовства, включающий поиск, преследование, попытку добычи (вылова) или добычу (вылов) рыбы с использованием подводного ружья либо пистолета путем погружения в воду;
Definition of the certificate for the right to underwater hunting
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
удостоверение на право подводной охоты – документ, предоставляющий право рыболову осуществлять подводную охоту в разрешенных для этого рыболовных угодьях;
Underwater hunting as a method of amateur fishing and document requirement
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
16. Любительское рыболовство в рыболовных угодьях может осуществляться рыболовами следующими способами: подводная охота; лов рыбы на дорожку с судов с двигателями... 17. Любительское рыболовство способами, указанными в абзацах втором–четвертом пункта 16 настоящих Правил, осуществляется в рыболовных угодьях фонда запаса... гражданами Республики Беларусь, иностранными гражданами или лицами без гражданства, постоянно проживающими на территории Республики Беларусь и имеющими вид на жительство в Республике Беларусь, на основании действительного членского билета РГОО «БООР» и удостоверения на право подводной охоты (при ее осуществлении) при их наличии у этих граждан при себе в рыболовных угодьях в месте осуществления рыболовства и с возможностью их предъявления; гражданами Республики Беларусь, иностранными гражданами или лицами без гражданства, постоянно проживающими за пределами Республики Беларусь и временно пребывающими на ее территории, на основании документов, указанных в пункте 19 настоящих Правил, подтверждающих факт оплаты за предоставление права на осуществление любительского рыболовства данными способами. Размер платы определяется РГОО «БООР».
Daylight-only requirement and allowed water bodies determined by regional executive committees
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
20. Подводная охота и лов рыбы на дорожку с судов с двигателями осуществляются в светлое время суток в рыболовных угодьях, перечень которых определяется решениями облисполкомов по согласованию с территориальными органами Министерства природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды (далее – Минприроды) и Национальной академией наук Беларуси (далее – НАН Беларуси).
Obligation to keep caught fish until end of underwater hunting; register of underwater hunters
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
26. Сведения о лицах, получивших удостоверение на право подводной охоты, включаются в реестр подводных охотников, который ведется РГОО «БООР»... 27. При осуществлении подводной охоты рыболов обязан сохранять добытую рыбу до окончания подводной охоты.
Prohibitions specific to underwater hunting
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
Запрещается подводная охота: с использованием аквалангов или других автономных дыхательных аппаратов; в темное время суток; ближе 50 метров от обозначенных мест для купания, массового отдыха граждан и занятия водными видами спорта и ближе 150 метров от установленных промысловых орудий рыболовства; с использованием подводного ружья и (или) пистолета, стреляющих гарпуном с наконечником более 5 зубьев; рыболовам, не имеющим при себе в рыболовных угодьях в месте осуществления подводной охоты действительного членского билета РГОО «БООР» и удостоверения на право подводной охоты и не имеющим возможности их предъявления, за исключением лиц, указанных в абзаце третьем пункта 17 настоящих Правил.
Prohibition of speargun fishing from shore or vessels
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
Запрещается: лов рыбы с использованием подводных ружей и (или) пистолетов для подводной охоты с берега (причала, пирса и другого) или судов;
Spring spawning closed period by region
Rules of Amateur Fishing, approved by Decree No. 284 of 21.07.2021
30. В рыболовных угодьях в Брестской и Гомельской областях с 20 марта по 18 мая, Минской, Могилевской и Гродненской областях, а также г. Минске с 1 апреля по 30 мая, Витебской области с 10 апреля по 8 июня рыболовство запрещается, за исключением лова рыбы: одной удочкой с одним крючком или одним спиннингом, оснащенным одной искусственной приманкой, имеющей не более двух одинарных, или двойных, или тройных крючков, в светлое время суток с берега (без захода в воду...).
Khi nào bạn có thể lặn
Mùa vụ & hạn chế thời gian
Các giai đoạn cấm, mở và hạn chế trong năm. Luôn xác nhận các đợt cấm theo từng loài tại địa phương.
- CấmAll amateur fishing including underwater hunting, Brest and Gomel regionsTh3 20 – Th5 18
Spring spawning ban. During this period fishing is prohibited except shore angling with a single rod/spinner from the bank without entering the water; underwater hunting (which requires entering the water) is therefore not permitted.
- CấmAll amateur fishing including underwater hunting, Minsk/Mogilev/Grodno regions and Minsk cityTh4 1 – Th5 30
Spring spawning ban. Only single-rod shore angling without entering the water is allowed; underwater hunting is not permitted during this period.
- CấmAll amateur fishing including underwater hunting, Vitebsk regionTh4 10 – Th6 8
Spring spawning ban. Only single-rod shore angling without entering the water is allowed; underwater hunting is not permitted during this period.
- CấmNorthern pike (щука обыкновенная)Th3 1 – Th4 15
Closed season for pike (in Vitebsk region 9 March - 23 April).
- CấmPikeperch / zander (судак)Th4 15 – Th5 30
Closed season for pikeperch.
- CấmWels catfish (сом обыкновенный)Th5 31 – Th7 1
Closed season for catfish (also 1 Nov - 31 Mar; in Brest and Gomel regions 19 May - 19 June and 1 Nov - 31 Mar).
- Hạn chếUnderwater hunting (daylight only)
Underwater hunting is permitted only during daylight hours (в светлое время суток); it is prohibited at night (в темное время суток) year-round.
Quyền được đánh bắt
Giấy phép
Những gì bạn cần để được phép xuống nước, chi phí, và cách lấy giấy phép.
Apply in person at the Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen (РГОО БООР): submit an application and the required documents; the certificate is issued by БООР or its organisational structures to permanent residents holding a БООР membership card.
Lấy giấy phép của bạnMở cổng thông tin chính thức · gosinspekciya.gov.by
- Loại
- Certificate for the right to underwater hunting (удостоверение на право подводной охоты) plus a valid РГОО БООР membership card. For non-residents temporarily in Belarus, a paid permit (receipt confirming payment of the fee) replaces membership.
- Chi phí
- Exchange/issue of the certificate reported at 0.2 base value (базовая величина); the fee for the right to fish by intensive methods (underwater hunting, trolling, 6-10 hooks) for temporary visitors and foreigners is set by РГОО БООР and reported in the range of about 1-3 base values per month. Exact current tariffs are set by БООР and should be confirmed with them.
- Thời hạn hiệu lực
- Certificate is open-ended (re-issued on name change or if damaged/lost); paid right-to-fish permits are time-limited per the receipt.
- Cách lấy
- Apply in person at the Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen (РГОО БООР): submit an application and the required documents; the certificate is issued by БООР or its organisational structures to permanent residents holding a БООР membership card.
- Cơ quan cấp
- Republican State Public Association 'Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen' (РГОО БООР)
Trang thiết bị & kỹ thuật
Quy định về trang thiết bị
Loại trang thiết bị được phép, cách sử dụng, và các điều kiện đi kèm.
Hạn chế
- Scuba and any other autonomous breathing apparatus are prohibited for underwater hunting (only breath-hold / free-diving)
- Speargun or underwater pistol harpoon must have no more than 5 prongs (зубьев)
- Spearguns/underwater pistols may not be used to take fish from the shore (pier, jetty, etc.) or from vessels - only while submerged
- Underwater hunting permitted in daylight only
- Safety guidance: load and unload the speargun only underwater, pointed away from people
Underwater rifles and pistols firing a harpoon are the defining equipment of подводная охота and are explicitly permitted; the legal limit is on harpoon prongs (max 5), not on number of spears carried.
Những gì bạn được bắt
Giới hạn đánh bắt & loài được bảo vệ
Hạn ngạch hằng ngày, kích thước tối thiểu, và các loài không bao giờ được phép bắt.
Giới hạn hằng ngày
General amateur-fishing catch limits under the Rules apply; no underwater-hunting-specific daily quota was found in verbatim text. Limits on invasive species were removed in the 2021/2022 reform.
Loài được bảo vệ — không được bắt
- Được bảo vệSpecies listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus (лов запрещен)
- Được bảo vệEuropean eel (угорь)
Taking of Red Book species, eel, undersized fish (below commercial size / промысловая мера), and species under special restriction is prohibited. Specific minimum sizes per species are set in the Rules but were not captured here as verbatim per-species figures for spearfishing.
Ai được phép đánh bắt
Khách du lịch & cư dân
Quy định khác nhau như thế nào đối với khách nước ngoài và cư dân địa phương.
Khách nước ngoài
Được phépYêu cầu giấy phép đặc biệt
Yêu cầu
- Non-residents temporarily in Belarus may underwater-hunt on the basis of a document (receipt / card-cheque) confirming payment of the fee for the right to amateur fishing by this method; the fee is set by РГОО БООР
- Permanently-resident foreigners with a Belarusian residence permit are treated like residents: they need a valid РГОО БООР membership card and a certificate for the right to underwater hunting
- Must comply with all general rules: daylight only, allowed water bodies only, no scuba, harpoon max 5 prongs
Hạn chế
- Same prohibited methods and zones as residents
- For temporary visitors the certificate for the right to underwater hunting is not required, but the paid right-to-fish document must be carried
Foreign nationals and stateless persons are explicitly accommodated in paragraph 17 of the Rules, distinguishing permanent residents (membership-based) from temporary visitors (fee-based).
Cư dân
РГОО БООР membership card + certificate for the right to underwater hunting (удостоверение на право подводной охоты)
Yêu cầu
- Hold a valid Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen (РГОО БООР) membership card
- Hold a certificate for the right to underwater hunting issued by РГОО БООР
- Carry both documents at the place of underwater hunting and be able to present them
Quyền lợi
- Members may fish by intensive methods (underwater hunting, trolling, 6-10 hooks) in reserve-fund grounds and grounds leased for commercial fishing where permitted
Applies to citizens of Belarus and to foreign nationals / stateless persons permanently residing in Belarus with a residence permit.
Ở đâu trên bờ biển
Khu vực được phép & bị cấm
Các khu vực có tên mở cho hoặc đóng đối với săn cá bằng súng lao. Xem bức tranh đầy đủ trên bản đồ tương tác.
Khu vực được phép
Underwater hunting is permitted only in fishing grounds (рыболовные угодья) of the reserve fund, or grounds leased solely for commercial fishing, that appear on lists approved by each regional executive committee (oblispolkom) in coordination with territorial bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. There is no single national open-zone list; the specific permitted water bodies are set per oblast.
Daylight only; valid РГОО БООР membership card and certificate for the right to underwater hunting required; harpoon max 5 prongs; no scuba; not within 50 m of swimming/recreation areas or 150 m of marked commercial fishing gear.
Khu vực bị cấm
- Within 50 m of designated swimming, mass-recreation and water-sports areasrecreation safety zone
Underwater hunting is prohibited closer than 50 metres from marked places for swimming, mass recreation of citizens and water sports.
- Within 150 m of installed commercial fishing gearcommercial fishing exclusion zone
Underwater hunting is prohibited closer than 150 metres from installed commercial fishing implements.
- Water bodies not on the oblispolkom approved listareas outside permitted list / protected areas
Any fishing ground not included on the regional list for underwater hunting is off-limits for spearfishing. This includes specially protected natural areas (reserves/заповедники and заказники) and grounds where the Ministry of Natural Resources or local executive committees have imposed bans.
Hỏi ai
Cơ quan chức năng
Các cơ quan chính thức chịu trách nhiệm về thủy sản và cấp phép.
Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus (Минсельхозпрод)
fisheries policy authority
State Inspectorate for the Protection of Flora and Fauna under the President of Belarus (Государственная инспекция охраны животного и растительного мира)
enforcement / fisheries control authority
Republican State Public Association 'Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen' (РГОО БООР)
licensing organisation (issues underwater-hunting certificates, maintains register)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (Минприроды)
environment ministry
Thông tin này từ đâu
Nguồn
Mọi khẳng định trên trang này đều truy ngược về một trong các tài liệu tham khảo này.
- [01]
Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 284 of 21.07.2021 'On Fishing and Fishery Management' - full official text (National Legal Internet Portal, pravo.by)
Chính thứcpravo.byTruy cập Th6 14 - [02]
Decree No. 284 of 21 July 2021 - official page (president.gov.by)
Chính thứcpresident.gov.byTruy cập Th6 14 - [03]
Underwater hunting and setting the fee for the right to amateur fishing (State Inspectorate)
Chính thứcgosinspekciya.gov.byTruy cập Th6 14 - [04]
Answers to questions on the new Fishing Rules, Part 2 (State Inspectorate)
Chính thứcgosinspekciya.gov.byTruy cập Th6 14 - [05]
New procedure, safety and restrictions: BOOR on underwater hunting in Belarus (pravo.by news)
Chính thứcpravo.byTruy cập Th6 14 - [06]
Rules of fishery management and fishing - Ministry of Agriculture and Food (mshp.gov.by)
Chính thứcmshp.gov.byTruy cập Th6 14 - [07]
New Rules of Amateur Fishing in Belarus 2022 - detailed review quoting the clauses (antfish.com)
Thứ cấpantfish.comTruy cập Th6 14 - [08]
Underwater hunting in Belarus: safety and restrictions (Transport Safety Gazette)
Thứ cấptbgazeta.byTruy cập Th6 14
Ghi chú của người nghiên cứu
Belarus is landlocked (no sea coastline); 'spearfishing' here means freshwater underwater hunting (подводная охота). All verbatim legal text was taken from the full official PDF of Decree No. 284 on the National Legal Internet Portal (pravo.by) and cross-checked against State Inspectorate (gosinspekciya.gov.by) materials; clause numbers (paragraph 16, 17, 20, 30, 38, and the definitions section) are as numbered in the official Rules of Amateur Fishing. Note on sourcing: a FAOLEX document (faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/rus114246.pdf) surfaced in searches but is actually the Krasnodar Krai/Adygea (Russia) fishing rules, not Belarus, and was deliberately NOT used. The exact current monetary tariffs (base-value amounts) set by РГОО БООР for certificates and paid fishing rights vary and should be confirmed directly with БООР; the figures given are approximate as reported in official/secondary news. There is no single national list of open water bodies for underwater hunting - permitted grounds are set per oblast by regional executive committees.
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