Reserva Natural Marinha do Banco D. João de Castro (Azores)

Marine nature reserve on the Banco D. João de Castro submarine volcano, located between the islands of Terceira and São Miguel. Classified as a Natura 2000 site (PTMIG0021) and OSPAR protected area — the only volcanic seamount in the world with both designations. All fishing activities, including commercial, recreational, and underwater (spearfishing), are prohibited; enforcement has led to vessel seizures and fines of up to €37,500.