Russian Federation
Europe · Eastern Europe
Recreational spearfishing (подводная охота) is legal in Russia and is treated as a method of recreational/amateur fishing (любительское рыболовство). On water bodies of common use citizens may fish freely and free of charge, without a license or permit. However, spearfishing is subject to method restrictions set by Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 'On Amateur Fishing': it is PROHIBITED to spearfish (a) in places of mass public recreation, (b) using individual electronic devices for detecting aquatic biological resources underwater (e.g. fish-finders), (c) using scuba/aqualungs and other autonomous breathing apparatus, and (d) using spearfishing gear above the surface of the water. In addition, region-specific Fishing Rules (Правила рыболовства) for each of the 8 federal fishery basins impose closed seasons (e.g. underwater hunting banned on inland waters in the Azov-Black Sea basin from 15 November to 31 March), daily catch limits (e.g. 5 kg/day in the Azov-Black Sea basin), minimum legal sizes and protected-species lists. Sturgeon and Red Book species are fully protected. Foreigners may spearfish under the same general rules.
Апошняе абнаўленне Чэрвень 15, 2026
Кіравальная база
- §Federal Law No. 166-FZ of 20.12.2004 'On Fishery and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources' (О рыболовстве и сохранении водных биологических ресурсов)
- §Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 'On Amateur Fishing and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation' (О любительском рыболовстве), in force from 01.01.2020, as amended 29.05.2024
- §Order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 1 of 09.01.2020 'On approval of the Fishing Rules for the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin' (and basin-specific Fishing Rules for the other 7 fishery basins)
- Патрабуецца ліцэнзія
- Не патрабуецца
- Ружо
- Дазволена
- Аквалангінг
- Забаронена
- Замежнікі
- Запрашаем
Закон, дакладна
Прававыя тэксты
Дакладныя заканадаўчыя і нарматыўныя палажэнні, якія рэгулююць падводную паляванне тут, працытаваныя ў апублікаваным выглядзе, са спасылкай на кожную афіцыйную крыніцу.
Restrictions on amateur fishing by the underwater extraction method (spearfishing)
Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 'On Amateur Fishing'
запрет на осуществление любительского рыболовства способом подводной добычи водных биоресурсов (подводной охоты): а) в местах массового отдыха граждан; б) с использованием индивидуальных электронных средств обнаружения водных биоресурсов под водой; в) с использованием аквалангов и других автономных дыхательных аппаратов; г) с применением орудий добычи (вылова), используемых для подводной добычи (вылова) водных биоресурсов, над поверхностью водных объектов
Water bodies on which amateur fishing is permitted (free and without charge)
Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 'On Amateur Fishing'
Любительское рыболовство осуществляется гражданами Российской Федерации свободно и бесплатно на водных объектах общего пользования, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных настоящим Федеральным законом и другими федеральными законами. На водных объектах, которые находятся в собственности граждан или юридических лиц, любительское рыболовство осуществляется в соответствии с гражданским и земельным законодательством.
Калі можна нырнуць
Сезоны і часовыя абмежаванні
Закрытыя, адкрытыя і абмежаваныя перыяды на працягу года. Заўсёды пацвярджайце закрыццё відаў мясцова.
- ЗакрытаUnderwater hunting (подводная охота) on inland water bodies of the Azov-Black Sea fishery basinЛіс 15 – Сак 31
In the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin, underwater hunting (подводная охота) on inland water bodies (внутренние водные объекты) is prohibited from 15 November to 31 March. Established by the Fishing Rules for the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 1 of 09.01.2020). Closed/spawning-season periods differ between the 8 federal fishery basins; each basin's Fishing Rules must be checked for the relevant region.
- АбмежаванаSpawning periods (нерестовый запрет) across fishery basins
Each of the 8 federal fishery basins sets its own spawning-season restrictions in its Fishing Rules. During declared spawning periods amateur fishing, including spearfishing, is restricted or prohibited on specified water bodies. Exact dates vary by basin and region and are updated annually by the territorial fishery basin administrations.
Дазвол на рыбалку
Ліцэнзія
Што трэба для дапуску ў ваду, колькі гэта каштуе і як яго атрымаць.
- Тып
- No license required for amateur fishing on public water bodies. Named single-use permits (именные разовые лицензии) apply only to certain rare/quota species and to fee-based fishing plots (рыболовные участки).
- Кошт
- Free of charge on water bodies of common use. Named single-use permits for special species are priced by regional administrations of the Federal Agency for Fisheries.
- Тэрмін дзеяння
- n/a for general amateur fishing
- Як атрымаць
- No action required for general amateur/spearfishing on public waters. For fee-based fishing plots or special-species permits, apply to the relevant territorial administration of the Federal Agency for Fisheries (Росрыболовство) or the plot operator.
- Орган улады
- Federal Agency for Fisheries (Росрыболовство) and its territorial basin administrations
Амуніцыя і тэхніка
Правілы абсталявання
Якая амуніцыя дазволена, як яна можа выкарыстоўвацца і якія ўмовы прыкладаюцца.
Абмежаванні
- Scuba gear and other autonomous breathing apparatus (акваланги и другие автономные дыхательные аппараты) are prohibited for spearfishing — breath-hold (freediving) only.
- Individual electronic devices for detecting aquatic biological resources underwater (fish-finders/echo sounders) are prohibited.
- Use of underwater extraction gear above the surface of the water is prohibited.
- Spearfishing prohibited in places of mass public recreation.
Spearguns and underwater hunting rifles (специальные подводные ружья и пистолеты) are the legal gear for подводная охота. Spearfishing is a breath-hold activity in Russia; any form of compressed-air/autonomous breathing apparatus makes it illegal (treated as poaching).
Што дазволена браць
Ліміты ўлову і ахоўныя віды
Дзённыя квоты, мінімальныя памеры і віды, якіх нельга браць ніколі.
Дзённы ліміт
Set per fishery basin by the Fishing Rules. Example: in the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin the total daily catch (вылов) for all aquatic biological resources is no more than 5 kg, or 1 specimen if it weighs more than 5 kg.
Ахоўныя віды — не браць
- АхоўныSturgeon species (осетровые виды рыб)
- АхоўныSpecies listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (виды, занесенные в Красную книгу Российской Федерации)
- АхоўныShemaya (шемая) - in the Azov-Black Sea basin
- АхоўныEgg-/larvae-bearing female freshwater crayfish (самки рака пресноводного, вынашивающие икру и личинок) - in the Azov-Black Sea basin
Minimum legal sizes (промысловый размер) and species-specific daily limits are defined separately in each basin's Fishing Rules and must be checked per region. Daily limits and protected-species examples here are from the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin Rules (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 1 of 09.01.2020).
Хто можа рыбачыць
Наведвальнікі і жыхары
Як правілы адрозніваюцца для замежных наведвальнікаў і мясцовых жыхароў.
Замежныя наведвальнікі
ДазволенаПатрабаванні
- Follow the same Federal Law 475-FZ method restrictions and the regional Fishing Rules as Russian citizens.
Абмежаванні
- Access restrictions apply in border zones (пограничная зона) and on lands of defence and security; a border-zone permit may be required to fish in those areas.
- Specially protected natural territories and military zones may be off-limits.
Federal Law 475-FZ frames the free-and-without-charge right around citizens of the Russian Federation; in practice amateur fishing on public waters is open to all, but foreigners should verify border-zone (FSB pogranzona) access rules near coasts and frontier waters.
Жыхары
No license required for amateur fishing on public water bodies
Патрабаванні
- Comply with Federal Law 475-FZ restrictions and the applicable basin Fishing Rules (closed seasons, daily limits, minimum sizes, protected species).
Перавагі
- Fishing freely and free of charge on water bodies of common use.
Indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East have separate subsistence-fishing rules; these are outside the recreational amateur-fishing regime.
Дзе на ўзбярэжжы
Дазволеныя і забароненыя зоны
Назваія раёны, адкрытыя або закрытыя для падводнай паляванні. Паглядзіце поўную карціну на інтэрактыўнай карце.
Дазволеныя раёны
Amateur fishing, including spearfishing, is conducted freely and free of charge on public water bodies, subject to the method restrictions of Federal Law 475-FZ and the basin-specific Fishing Rules. Scuba/aqualung use, electronic fish-detection devices, places of mass recreation and use of gear above the water surface are excluded.
No scuba/aqualung; no electronic fish-finders underwater; not in mass-recreation areas; no use of spearfishing gear above the water surface; observe basin closed seasons, daily catch limits, minimum sizes and protected-species lists.
Забароненыя раёны
- Places of mass public recreation (места массового отдыха граждан)public recreation area
Spearfishing is prohibited in designated mass public recreation areas (e.g. public bathing beaches) under Federal Law 475-FZ, Article 7, Part 1, Clause 4(a).
- Lands of defence and security; specially protected natural areasmilitary / protected natural area
Amateur fishing (and therefore spearfishing) may be prohibited or restricted on water bodies located on lands of defence and security and within specially protected natural territories, per Federal Law 475-FZ, Article 6.
- Aquaculture ponds, watered quarries and ponds used for commercial aquacultureaquaculture / private water body
Amateur fishing is prohibited on water bodies used for pond aquaculture and on certain ponds/watered quarries, per Federal Law 475-FZ, Article 6.
- Far Eastern Marine Reserve (Дальневосточный морской заповедник)marine reserve / no-take strict nature reserve (zapovednik)
Russia's first marine strict nature reserve (zapovednik), in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, south of Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai. Area ~64,316 ha (63,000 ha water). As a federal zapovednik it is the highest category of protected area where all resource extraction, including any fishing and therefore spearfishing, is prohibited; the area is mostly closed to the public (access only for science/environmental education). Key protected species: sea cucumber, Kamchatka crab, giant octopus, scallop, spotted seal.
- Komandorsky Nature Reserve marine buffer zone (Командорский заповедник, Командорские острова)marine reserve / no-take buffer zone
Federal nature reserve on the Commander Islands, Kamchatka Krai, in the Bering Sea / northern Pacific. The reserve includes a ~2.18 million ha marine buffer zone; fishing is entirely prohibited within the 50 km marine buffer surrounding the islands, so spearfishing is banned in these waters.
- Wrangel Island Nature Reserve marine zone (заповедник «Остров Врангеля»)marine reserve / strict nature reserve (zapovednik)
Federal strict nature reserve (zapovednik, UNESCO World Heritage) covering Wrangel and Herald Islands in the Arctic Ocean between the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas, Chukotka. The surrounding waters are protected to ~24 nmi offshore (extended in 1999); as a zapovednik it excludes practically all human activity except science, so all fishing/spearfishing is prohibited in its marine zone.
- Utrish State Nature Reserve marine area (заповедник «Утриш»)marine reserve / strict nature reserve (zapovednik) marine area
Federal strict nature reserve (zapovednik, est. 2010) on the Abrau Peninsula, Black Sea coast near Anapa, Krasnodar Krai, built on the former Bolshoy Utrish wildlife sanctuary. It includes an adjoining marine area ~2 km wide (~2,530 ha, down to ~40 m depth). As a federal zapovednik, all extraction including fishing and spearfishing is prohibited within its terrestrial and marine boundaries. Representative point: Cape Bolshoy Utrish.
- Kandalaksha Nature Reserve marine area (Кандалакшский заповедник)marine reserve / strict nature reserve (zapovednik) marine area
Federal strict nature reserve (zapovednik) on the south shore of Kandalaksha Bay (White Sea), Murmansk Oblast / Karelia, with additional sectors on the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula. ~74% of the reserve is marine. As a zapovednik it is generally closed to the public and all fishing (and thus spearfishing) is prohibited within its boundaries; only buffer zones outside the official borders allow limited recreational fishing.
Freshwater lake (largest lake in Kaliningrad Oblast, ~17.9 km², max depth 54 m, on the Russian-Lithuanian border in Nesterovsky District). Spearfishing is prohibited year-round in Tikhaya Bay within the external boundaries of fishing quadrants No. 51 and 63, per the Fishing Rules for the Western Fishery Basin (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation No. 620 of 21.10.2020, as amended to 01.09.2024). This is an inland/freshwater prohibition, separate from the general spawning-season ban (20 Apr – 20 Jun) that applies to all other Kaliningrad Oblast water bodies of fishery significance.
Умовы на вадзе
Жывыя ўмовы
Жывая марская і метэаралагічная здымка каля прыбярэжнага кантрольнага пункта ў Russian Federation, ад Open-Meteo. Умовы вар'іруюцца ўздоўж узбярэжжа — лічыце паказальнікамі.
Жывыя марскія ўмовы і надвор'е каля Far Eastern Marine Reserve (Дальневосточный морской заповедник).
Да каго звярнуцца
Органы ўлады
Афіцыйныя органы, адказныя за рыбалоўства і ліцэнзіраванне.
Federal Agency for Fisheries (Федеральное агентство по рыболовству, Росрыболовство)
fisheries authority
Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (Министерство сельского хозяйства РФ)
ministry (issues the Fishing Rules for each fishery basin)
Azov-Black Sea Territorial Administration / AzNIIRKh (VNIRO branch)
regional fishery basin administration / research institute
Адкуль гэта
Крыніцы
Кожная заява на гэтай старонцы адсочваецца да адной з гэтых крыніц.
- [01]
Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 'On Amateur Fishing' - Article 7 (Restrictions on amateur fishing) - ConsultantPlus
Афіцыйнаяconsultant.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [02]
Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 'On Amateur Fishing' - full text (incl. Article 6) - ConsultantPlus
Афіцыйнаяconsultant.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [03]
Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 (ed. 29.05.2024) - Kontur.Normativ
Другаснаяnormativ.kontur.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [04]
Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018 - Garant (Article 7 'Restrictions on amateur fishing')
Афіцыйнаяbase.garant.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [05]
Order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 1 of 09.01.2020 'Fishing Rules for the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin' - cntd.ru
Афіцыйнаяdocs.cntd.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [06]
Fishing Rules for the Azov-Black Sea basin - AzNIIRKh (VNIRO) official page with PDF of Order No. 1
Афіцыйнаяazniirkh.vniro.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [07]
Right of Russian citizens to fish freely and free of charge on public water bodies - ConsultantPlus hotdocs
Афіцыйнаяconsultant.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15 - [08]
Fishing Rules for the Azov-Black Sea fishery basin - official PDF (fish.gov.ru, Federal Agency for Fisheries)
Афіцыйнаяfish.gov.ruДоступ атрыманы Чэр 15
Заўвагі даследчыка
Spearfishing in Russia is legal as breath-hold underwater hunting and is regulated as a method of amateur fishing under Federal Law 475-FZ (in force 01.01.2020). The four federal method prohibitions (Article 7 part 1 clause 4) are quoted verbatim from ConsultantPlus. Russia has 8 federal fishery basins, each with its own Fishing Rules (Правила рыболовства) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture; closed seasons, daily catch limits, minimum legal sizes and protected-species lists vary by basin and must be checked for the specific region. Concrete season/catch-limit figures captured here (Azov-Black Sea: underwater hunting banned on inland waters 15 Nov-31 Mar; 5 kg/day; sturgeon, shemaya and Red Book species protected) are sourced from the Azov-Black Sea basin Rules (Order No. 1 of 09.01.2020) and are illustrative of the basin model, not nationwide constants. The cntd.ru basin-rules page and the fish.gov.ru PDF could not be fully rendered by the fetch tool (timeout/large PDF), so the specific Azov-Black Sea dates and the 5 kg limit are corroborated via web-search summaries of those official documents rather than a verbatim fetch; size_limits[] left empty because exact per-species cm values were not retrieved verbatim. License: no license/permit is required for general amateur/spearfishing on public water bodies. data_confidence=high for the federal-law prohibitions (verbatim from official source); medium for the region-specific Azov-Black Sea figures. Inland/freshwater spearfishing: Spearfishing (breath-hold only; scuba prohibited nationwide) is generally permitted in public freshwater water bodies (lakes, rivers, reservoirs) across Russia under Federal Law No. 475-FZ of 25.12.2018, subject to basin-specific closed seasons (e.g. Azov-Black Sea basin: 15 Nov – 31 Mar on inland waters) and specific named-water prohibitions established in each federal fishery basin's Fishing Rules.
Апавяшчаць мяне, калі правілы Russian Federation зменяцца
Мы адправім вам ліст, калі сезоны або нормы Russian Federation будуць абноўлены ў нашым наборы дадзеных.