Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)

The largest fully protected marine conservation area in the United States, encompassing ~582,578 sq mi of ocean surrounding the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands from Nihoa to Kure Atoll, extending 200 nautical miles offshore. All commercial and non-commercial fishing (including spearfishing) and possession of fishing gear (unless stowed and unavailable) are prohibited throughout the monument and sanctuary without a permit. All take of living or nonliving sanctuary resources is prohibited. Sustenance fishing (catch consumed within the monument) is only allowed as a condition of an existing activity permit. The monument center coordinate is representative of the NWHI chain. Midway Atoll, inside this monument, is ISO 3166-1 UM-71 (United States Minor Outlying Islands) and is covered by the UMI record, where the narrower Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and Midway Atoll Special Management Area carry additional restrictions — 50 CFR 404.7(i) prohibits swimming, snorkelling and SCUBA diving within the Special Management Area, which 15 CFR 922.241 defines as the waters surrounding Midway Atoll out to 12 nautical miles.