SpearfishingMap

Northern Mariana Islands

Oceania · Micronesia

Recreational free-diving (breath-hold) spearfishing is legal in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). However, the use of SCUBA and 'hookah' (surface-supplied air) while fishing — including SCUBA-assisted spearfishing — is expressly prohibited by CNMI Administrative Code Title 85-30.1-401, as are explosives, poisons and electric shocking devices. No license is required to take ordinary finfish by spear or rod for non-commercial purposes (a license is only required for specific regulated takings such as corals, aquarium fish, certain crabs, lobster by means other than hand, and nets). Spearfishing is banned entirely inside the CNMI's designated marine reserves / conservation areas (Managaha, Sasanhaya, Bird Island, Forbidden Island and the Tinian Marine Reserve), which are no-take zones. In the federal Marianas Trench Marine National Monument Islands Unit (around Farallon de Pajaros/Uracas, Maug and Asuncion), commercial fishing is prohibited and non-commercial/recreational fishing is allowed only under a federal permit issued to Guam/CNMI community residents (50 CFR Part 665, Subpart G).

Restricted
Data confidenceHigh confidence

Last updated June 15, 2026

Governing framework

  • §CNMI Administrative Code Title 85, Subchapter 85-30.1 (Non-Commercial Fish and Wildlife Regulations), Part 400 Fishing Regulations
  • §2 CMC § 5104 (Director's powers and duties; Division of Fish and Wildlife)
  • §2 CMC § 5109 / PL 2-51 (penalties)
  • §Public Law 12-12 (Managaha Marine Conservation Act of 2000; 2 CMC §§ 1631-1638)
  • §Public Law 12-46, 2001 (Bird Island and Forbidden Island Marine Sanctuaries)
  • §Public Law 15-90, amended by PL 17-14 (Tinian Marine Reserve)
  • §50 CFR Part 665, Subpart G (Marianas Trench Marine National Monument; federal)
License required
Not required
Speargun
Allowed
Scuba
Prohibited
Foreigners
Welcome

The law, verbatim

Legal texts

The exact statutory and regulatory provisions that govern spearfishing here, quoted as published, with a link to each official source.

01§ 85-30.1-401 (Use of Explosives, Chemicals, Poisons, Electric Shocking Devices, Scuba or Hookah, Certain Nets, and Disturbance of Habitat)Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands · regional

Prohibition on SCUBA and hookah while fishing

CNMI Administrative Code Title 85, Subchapter 85-30.1 (Non-Commercial Fish and Wildlife Regulations)

ENOriginal

(a) Prohibitions: The use of explosives, poisons, electric shocking devices, SCUBA or hookah and use of certain nets as identified in subsection (a)(2), is prohibited in the taking of any fish. (1) No person shall use explosives, poisons, electronic shocking devices, SCUBA, or hookah while fishing. (2) No person shall use drag nets/beach seines (Chenchulun and lagua), trap net (Chenchulun managam), surround net (Chenchulun Umesugon) or gill nets (Tekken) for taking of fish or other sea life. (3) No person shall possess, sell, or purchase any fish, game, marine, or other aquatic life taken by means prohibited in this section. (4) Use of any of these nets or devices will result in the net or devices being confiscated and the owners will be subject to penalties (fines and/or imprisonment) as stated in 2 CMC § 5109 (PL 2-51). (b) The use of any fishing gear in a manner that is substantially destructive to benthic substrate is prohibited. (c) Exceptions: The use of explosives, poisons, electronic shocking devices, SCUBA, or hookah is allowed where used by a Division employee where such use is authorized by the Director or where used pursuant to a scientific collection permit which specifically allows for such use. (d) Disruption of Habitat: Disturbance of coral, dead or alive, is prohibited under any circumstances except under emergencies or by persons exempt under § 85-30.1-410.

02§ 85-30.1-450 (Marine Reserves)Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands · regional

Marine reserves — no-take zones (killing/removing any marine animal or plant prohibited)

CNMI Administrative Code Title 85, Subchapter 85-30.1 (Non-Commercial Fish and Wildlife Regulations)

ENOriginal

(b) The following marine reserves have been established on Rota and Saipan under the management of the Department: (1) Sasanhaya Fish Reserve: between and including Puña Point and the Coral Gardens. (2) Managaha Conservation Area: consisting of the island of Managaha and its surrounding waters marked by boundaries at 15°15’5.30”N, 145°42’45.07”E and 15°14’19.34”N, 145°43’38.46”E and 15°13’40.63”N, 145°42’39.56”E and 15°14’4.99”N, 145°41’27.49”E. (c) Except as provided for in subsections (e) and (f) below, the following activities are prohibited within the boundaries of any marine reserve: (1) Killing or removing, or attempting to remove, any marine animal or plant, including but not limited to any fishes, coral (live or dead), lobster, shellfish, clams or octopus; (2) Using any type of food or other attractant for the purposes of attracting fish (e.g. fish feeding, baiting, etc.); (3) Anchoring of any vessel except in case of actual emergency, or for scientific purposes permitted by the Division; (4) Removing, defacing, damaging or destroying any artifact, natural object, buoy, sign or other structure; (5) Carrying on any commercial or industrial activity; (6) Disturbing or removing any substrate, sand, or other material; or (7) Dumping or depositing any rubbish, waste material or substance that would degrade or alter the quality of the environment.

03§ 85-30.1-201(a) (General Procedures — License Required)Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands · regional

License required only for specified regulated takings (general finfish spearfishing exempt)

CNMI Administrative Code Title 85, Subchapter 85-30.1 (Non-Commercial Fish and Wildlife Regulations)

ENOriginal

(a) License Required (1) A person may not take regulated fish or game unless that person has been issued a license from the Division or any designated agent of the Division. Unprotected wildlife may be taken year-round without a hunting license. A license is required for the taking of any of the following fish and game: (i) Sambar deer (Binado) - Cervus unicolor (ii) Philippine Turtle-dove (Paluman apu) - Streptopelia bitorquata (iii) Precious corals - Corallim spp. (iv) Hermatypic and other hard corals, soft corals and stony hydrozoans (v) Land crab (Panglao tunas) - Cardisoma hirtipes (vi) (Panglao echung) - Cardisoma carnifex and other terrestrial crabs (vii) Coconut crab (Ayuyu) - Birgus lataro (viii) Any species of fish or marine invertebrates taken by a method or for a purpose regulated by part 400 herein. (2) Any species not listed above, and not designated as protected, threatened, or endangered, is considered unprotected wildlife and may be taken at any time without a license.

04§ 85-30.1-425 (Taking of Lobster)Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands · regional

Lobster — size limit, no egg-bearing, and no take by spear

CNMI Administrative Code Title 85, Subchapter 85-30.1 (Non-Commercial Fish and Wildlife Regulations)

ENOriginal

(a) Prohibitions: It shall be prohibited and deemed unlawful to take or to be in possession of any lobster: (1) Which measures less than three inches (76.2 mm) in length measured in a straight line along the carapace from the ridge between the two largest spines, above the eyes, back to the rear edge of the carapace; or (2) Which is carrying eggs; or (3) Which has been stripped of her eggs; or (4) Harvested by spear or any method other than by hand.

When you can dive

Seasons & time restrictions

Closed, open and restricted periods across the year. Always confirm species-specific closures locally.

No seasonal closures recorded — verify locally before diving.

Permission to fish

License

What you need to be allowed in the water, what it costs, and how to get it.

No license requiredvia CNMI Department of Lands and Natural Resources — Division of Fish and Wildlife
No license required
Type
No license required for non-commercial finfish spearfishing. A Division of Fish and Wildlife license is required only for specific regulated takings (corals, aquarium fish, land/coconut/sea crabs, nets, scientific research) per § 85-30.1-201(a).
Cost
N/A for finfish spearfishing. Specific non-commercial licenses (where required) range roughly $5–$100 depending on category and residency per § 85-30.1-201(c).
Validity
Where a license is required, it is valid through 2400 hour of December 31 of the year of issuance (§ 85-30.1-201(d)).
How to obtain
From the CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife (DFW) or a designated agent.
Authority
CNMI Department of Lands and Natural Resources — Division of Fish and Wildlife

Gear & technique

Equipment rules

What gear is permitted, how it may be used, and the conditions attached.

SpeargunAllowed
ScubaProhibited

Restrictions

  • SCUBA use while fishing is prohibited (§ 85-30.1-401(a)(1)) — spearfishing must be by free-diving / breath-hold only.
  • Hookah (surface-supplied air) while fishing is prohibited (§ 85-30.1-401(a)(1)).
  • Explosives, poisons and electronic shocking devices prohibited (§ 85-30.1-401(a)(1)).
  • Drag nets/beach seines, trap nets, surround nets and gill nets prohibited (§ 85-30.1-401(a)(2)).
  • Fishing gear used in a manner substantially destructive to benthic substrate is prohibited (§ 85-30.1-401(b)).
  • Lobster may not be taken by spear — hand only (§ 85-30.1-425(a)(4)).

The CNMI banned SCUBA-assisted spearfishing under Title 85-30.1-401 (gear restrictions effective from the early 2000s amendments). Free-dive spearfishing with a speargun/Hawaiian sling is the permitted method. There is no statutory cap on the number of spears in the non-commercial code.

What you may take

Catch limits & protected species

Daily quotas, minimum sizes, and species that must never be taken.

Daily limit

No general daily bag limit on reef finfish for non-commercial spearfishing in CNMI law (Title 85-30.1 sets limits only for specific taxa such as lobster, trochus and sea cucumbers). Federal annual catch limits apply to the bottomfish multi-species complex (managed by NMFS / WPRFMC), not to nearshore reef spearfishing bag limits.

Minimum sizes

  • Lobster (spiny lobster) — minimum 3 inches (76.2 mm) carapace length; no egg-bearing or stripped females; not by spearmin 7.62 cm

Protected species — do not take

  • ProtectedSea turtles (federally protected)
  • ProtectedMarine mammals (federally protected)
  • ProtectedHard/precious/soft corals and stony hydrozoans (take requires a license; disturbance generally prohibited — §§ 85-30.1-201, 85-30.1-401(d), 85-30.1-410)
  • ProtectedTrochus niloticus (harvest restricted/moratorium — § 85-30.1-415; Lighthouse Reef Trochus Sanctuary)
  • ProtectedSea cucumbers (harvest by permit only / moratorium — § 85-30.1-420; Laulau Bay Sea Cucumber Sanctuary)

Outside marine reserves, CNMI does not impose finfish size or bag limits or seasonal closures on recreational reef fishing; the principal restrictions are method-based (no SCUBA/hookah/nets/explosives) and area-based (no-take reserves). Verify current bottomfish federal annual catch limits with NOAA Fisheries / the Western Pacific Council before commercial-scale activity.

Who may fish

Visitors & residents

How the rules differ for foreign visitors and local residents.

Foreign visitors

Allowed

Requirements

  • Follow the same CNMI rules as residents: free-dive only (no SCUBA/hookah), respect no-take marine reserves, no prohibited gear.
  • For the federal Marianas Trench Monument Islands Unit, only community residents of Guam or the CNMI may obtain the non-commercial fishing permit (50 CFR Part 665, Subpart G) — visitors generally cannot fish there.

Restrictions

  • Same area and gear prohibitions as residents.
  • No access to federal monument Islands Unit permits unless a Guam/CNMI community resident.

No CNMI-specific tourist/foreigner spearfishing license exists for ordinary nearshore finfish; the rules are method- and area-based and apply to everyone equally.

Residents

No license required for non-commercial finfish spearfishing; category-specific non-commercial licenses (e.g. land/coconut crab, aquarium fish, nets) per § 85-30.1-201(c) are cheaper for residents than non-residents.

Requirements

  • Free-dive only (no SCUBA/hookah); observe no-take reserves and prohibited-gear rules.

Benefits

  • Lower license fees for the regulated categories that do require a license (resident vs non-resident rates in § 85-30.1-201(c)).
  • Eligibility (as Guam/CNMI community residents) for federal non-commercial fishing permits in the Marianas Trench Monument Islands Unit.

Resident/non-resident distinction in CNMI law affects only fee schedules for the specific licensed categories and federal monument permit eligibility, not ordinary reef spearfishing.

Where on the coast

Allowed & prohibited zones

Named areas that are open to or closed for spearfishing. See the full picture on the interactive map.

Allowed areas

  • Free-diving (breath-hold) spearfishing of finfish is legal on CNMI nearshore reefs, the Saipan lagoon and around Rota, Tinian and the other islands, provided it is outside any designated marine reserve/sanctuary and does not use SCUBA, hookah, explosives, poisons or electric shocking devices. No license is required for non-commercial finfish spearfishing. Nighttime free-dive spearfishing is the predominant local reef-fishing method and is not prohibited.

    No SCUBA or hookah; no explosives/poisons/shocking devices; lobster may not be taken by spear; possession/sale of fish taken by prohibited means is illegal.

Prohibited areas

  • Managaha Marine Conservation Areamarine conservation area (no-take reserve)

    No-take marine conservation area surrounding Managaha Island on Saipan's western barrier reef; all killing/removal of marine animals or plants prohibited. Established by Public Law 12-12 (Managaha Marine Conservation Act of 2000). Boundary corners per § 85-30.1-450(b)(2): 15°15'5.30"N 145°42'45.07"E, 15°14'19.34"N 145°43'38.46"E, 15°13'40.63"N 145°42'39.56"E, 15°14'4.99"N 145°41'27.49"E.

  • Sasanhaya Bay Fish Reservemarine reserve (no-take)

    No-take fish reserve on Rota (Luta) between and including Puña Point and the Coral Gardens (bounded north by Mushroom Rock, south by Puña Point; ~1,000 feet seaward of mean high tide). All fishing/taking of marine animals or plants prohibited.

  • Bird Island Marine Sanctuarymarine sanctuary (no-take)

    No-take sanctuary on the northeastern coast of Saipan (includes Bird Island and the Grotto). Fishing, damaging corals, fish feeding and collecting sand/shells are prohibited. Established by Public Law 12-46 (2001).

  • Forbidden Island Marine Sanctuarymarine sanctuary (no-take)

    No-take sanctuary on the southeastern coast of Saipan (includes Tank Beach and Forbidden Island), extending ~1,000 feet offshore. Fishing, fish feeding, collecting sand/shells and damaging coral prohibited. Established by Public Law 12-46 (April 2001).

  • Tinian Marine Reservemarine reserve (no-take, with limited seasonal exceptions)

    No-take reserve along Tinian's southwest coast from Carolinas Point to the Tinian Recreational Boat Harbor (Tachogna, Taga, YCC, Kammer beaches), high-tide mark to one-half mile beyond the reef. Taking of marine animals/plants prohibited except seasonal fish (atulai, i'i', ti'ao) during their respective seasons. Established by Public Law 15-90, amended by PL 17-14.

  • Marianas Trench Marine National Monument — Islands Unitfederal marine national monument (commercial fishing prohibited; permit-only non-commercial)

    Federal monument waters around the three northernmost CNMI islands: Farallon de Pajaros (Uracas), Maug and Asuncion. Commercial fishing is prohibited; non-commercial and recreational fishing are allowed only under a federal permit issued to community residents of Guam or the CNMI. Governed by 50 CFR Part 665, Subpart G.

Conditions on the water

Live conditions

Live marine and weather snapshot near a coastal reference point in Northern Mariana Islands, from Open-Meteo. Conditions vary along the coast — treat as indicative.

Live marine & weather near Managaha Marine Conservation Area.

Conditions

Who to ask

Authorities

The official bodies responsible for fisheries and licensing.

  • CNMI Department of Lands and Natural Resources — Division of Fish and Wildlife (DFW)

    fisheries / wildlife authority

    dlnr.cnmi.govLower Base, Saipan, MP 96950 (CNMI DLNR-DFW)
  • NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO)

    federal fisheries authority

    fisheries.noaa.govHonolulu, Hawaii
  • Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council (WPRFMC)

    federal fishery management council

    wpcouncil.orgHonolulu, Hawaii

Where this comes from

Sources

Every claim on this page traces back to one of these references.

  1. [01]

    CNMI Administrative Code Title 85, Subchapter 85-30.1 — Non-Commercial Fish and Wildlife Regulations (Commonwealth Law Revision Commission, 2016)

    Official
    cnmilaw.orgAccessed Jun 15
  2. [02]

    CNMI DLNR — Laws and Regulations (DFW fishing rules and penalties)

    Official
    dlnr.cnmi.govAccessed Jun 15
  3. [03]

    CNMI DLNR — Marine Protected Areas

    Official
    dlnr.cnmi.govAccessed Jun 15
  4. [04]

    NOAA Fisheries — Mariana Trench Marine National Monument

    Official
    fisheries.noaa.govAccessed Jun 15
  5. [05]

    Western Pacific Fishery Council — Northern Mariana Islands (Mariana Archipelago)

    Official
    wpcouncil.orgAccessed Jun 15
  6. [06]

    eCFR — 50 CFR Part 665 Subpart G (Marianas Trench Marine National Monument)

    Official
    ecfr.govAccessed Jun 15

Researcher notes

Spearfishing legality in CNMI is governed by CNMI Administrative Code Title 85-30.1 (a US Commonwealth, so jurisdiction is coded 'regional' for the Commonwealth and 'federal' applies to monument waters). Key facts verified verbatim from the official cnmilaw.org code: SCUBA/hookah-assisted fishing is banned (§ 85-30.1-401); free-dive spearfishing is legal; no license is needed for non-commercial finfish spearfishing (§ 85-30.1-201); designated marine reserves are full no-take zones with published coordinates for the Managaha area (§ 85-30.1-450). MPA non-Managaha coordinates (Bird Island, Forbidden Island, Tinian, Sasanhaya) are approximate centroids derived from the named landmarks in the DLNR MPA descriptions, not exact legal boundary points. No general finfish size/bag limits or seasonal closures exist in CNMI law for recreational reef fishing; the Tinian reserve permits limited seasonal take of atulai/i'i'/ti'ao. The 50 CFR Part 665 Subpart G monument text could not be fetched verbatim (eCFR redirected to a block page); its substance was confirmed via the NOAA Fisheries page, so it is cited by locator rather than quoted. Reported SCUBA-spear ban year (2003) aligns with the 2002–2003 amendment history shown in the § 85-30.1-401 commission notes.

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