Navassa Island National Wildlife Refuge (Caribbean Sea)

Navassa is the only Caribbean member of the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands: an uninhabited 5 km2 limestone island between Haiti and Jamaica, ringed by cliffs 20 metres and more high with no beaches. The refuge was created in 1999 and, per the establishing Federal Register notice, "consists of all of Navassa Island ... together with the full extent of its territorial sea, which currently extends outward to 12 miles", administered under the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act and "the general regulations governing the National Wildlife Refuge System published in Title 50, Subchapter C". Those regulations do the work: 50 CFR 26.21(a) makes entering the refuge without specific authorisation trespass and 50 CFR 27.21 prohibits taking any animal, while 50 CFR 32.7 opens no refuge in these islands to sport fishing. The Fish and Wildlife Service states "Navassa Island NWR is closed to the public" and provides no visitor services. The Pacific monument regulations do not reach Navassa; the refuge rules alone make spearfishing prohibited in its waters out to 12 miles.