Indonesia
Asia · South-Eastern Asia
Recreational spearfishing is legal in Indonesia and broadly practised at popular destinations such as Bali, Lombok and Java. No national recreational spearfishing licence exists for locals or tourists. Two hard national constraints apply: (1) spearfishing must be done on a single breath (freediving) - using SCUBA or a surface-supplied compressor to fish is prohibited (Law No. 31/2004 as amended by Law No. 45/2009, Art. 9, bans possession/use on a fishing vessel of catching gear/aids that disturb and damage fish-resource sustainability, with the elucidation expressly naming the compressor; penalty under Art. 85); and (2) spearfishing of nationally protected species (manta rays, all sharks in many regions, whale shark, Napoleon/humphead wrasse, sea turtles, dugong, sawfish) is forbidden anywhere. In addition, spearfishing is entirely prohibited for tourists/visitors inside Marine Protected Areas and marine national parks (e.g. Raja Ampat MPAs, Bunaken, Komodo, Nusa Penida, Wakatobi); only local communities may use traditional methods (jubi, senapan molo) in designated Sustainable Fisheries / Aquaculture zones. Rules vary by province and regency, so local zoning must always be checked.
最后更新 6月 14, 2026
管辖框架
- §Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries (Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan)
- §Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries (Undang-Undang No. 45 Tahun 2009)
- §Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 31/PERMEN-KP/2020 on Management of Conservation Areas (Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi)
- §Raja Ampat Regency Regulation (Perda) No. 9 of 2012 on the Prohibition of Catching Sharks, Manta Rays and Certain Fish Species in the Waters of Raja Ampat
- §Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree No. 4/KEPMEN-KP/2014 (full protection of manta rays)
- §Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree No. 37/KEPMEN-KP/2013 (protection of Napoleon/humphead wrasse)
- §Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree No. 63/KEPMEN-KP/2014 (Raja Ampat MPA management & zoning plan)
- §Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree No. 36/KEPMEN-KP/2014 (Raja Ampat Islands Marine Protected Area)
- 需要许可证
- 无需
- 鱼枪
- 允许
- 水肺
- 禁止
- 外国人
- 欢迎
法律原文
法律条文
管辖此处鱼叉捕鱼的确切法律与法规条款,按发布原文引用,并附每个官方来源的链接。
Prohibition on possessing/using catching gear or aids that damage fish-resource sustainability (covers compressors used to fish)
Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries
Pasal 9 (1) Setiap orang dilarang memiliki, menguasai, membawa, dan/atau menggunakan alat penangkapan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan di kapal penangkap ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia. (2) Ketentuan mengenai alat penangkapan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.
Elucidation of Article 9: compressor named among damaging fishing gear/aids
Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries - Penjelasan (Elucidation)
Pasal 9. Alat penangkapan ikan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan termasuk diantaranya jaring trawl atau pukat harimau, dan/atau kompressor.
Criminal penalty for using catching gear/aids that damage fish-resource sustainability
Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries
Pasal 85. Setiap orang yang dengan sengaja memiliki, menguasai, membawa, dan/atau menggunakan alat penangkap ikan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan di kapal penangkap ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).
Prohibition on catching, hunting, injuring, killing, keeping or trading protected fish and marine animals (Raja Ampat)
Raja Ampat Regency Regulation (Perda) No. 9 of 2012 on the Prohibition of Catching Sharks, Manta Rays and Certain Fish Species in the Waters of Raja Ampat
Pasal 14. Setiap orang dan/atau Badan Hukum dilarang melakukan kegiatan penangkapan, perburuan, melukai, membunuh, menyimpan, memiliki, memelihara, mengangkut, dan memperniagakan jenis-jenis ikan dan hewan laut yang dilindungi dalam keadaan hidup atau mati, sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 6, Pasal 7, Pasal 8, Pasal 9, dan Pasal 11. [Protected species are defined in: Pasal 6 - all sharks (hiu) in Class Chondrichthyes; Pasal 7 - manta rays (pari manta) and listed ray families; Pasal 8 - dugong (duyung), whales (paus) and sea turtles (penyu); Pasal 9 - listed ornamental fish.]
Prohibition on using harmful substances (poison, explosives) to catch/hunt marine biota (Raja Ampat)
Raja Ampat Regency Regulation (Perda) No. 9 of 2012
Pasal 16. Setiap orang dan/atau Badan Hukum dilarang melakukan kegiatan penangkapan dan perburuan terhadap berbagai jenis biota laut dengan menggunakan bahan yang dapat merusak biologi/ekosistem laut dan juga berdampak terhadap kesehatan manusia meliputi: a. bahan racun; b. bahan peledak.
Transitional clause referencing the earlier ban on compressor fishing and on fishing in marine-tourism and conservation areas (Raja Ampat)
Raja Ampat Regency Regulation (Perda) No. 9 of 2012
Pasal 24 (2). Dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Daerah ini, maka Surat Edaran Bupati Raja Ampat Nomor 430/407/2010 tanggal 13 Oktober tahun 2010 tentang larangan penangkapan Ikan dengan menggunakan bahan peledak, bahan-bahan racun, kompresor, jaring muroami, bubu dan jaring lingkar (purse seine), serta dilarang menangkap biota lainnya yang dilindungi antara lain Ikan Hiu, Ikan Pari, Ikan Hias, Ikan Duyung dan Penyu, termasuk pula dilarang melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan pada daerah wisata bahari dan daerah konservasi yang telah ditetapkan. Dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku.
Marine Park rule prohibiting spearfishing by tourists/visitors (Raja Ampat MPA general use rules)
Raja Ampat Marine Protected Areas - General Use Rules & Regulations (implementing KEPMEN-KP No. 63/2014 and No. 36/2014, and Governor of West Papua Decree No. 523/124/7/2019 zoning plan)
It is prohibited for any tourists or visitors to be spearfishing for any purpose. (Local community members may use traditional spearfishing methods such as jubi and senapan molo, in Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture Zones.)
何时可以潜水
季节与时间限制
全年的禁渔、开放与受限期。请务必向当地确认针对特定鱼种的禁渔期。
- 禁渔Manta rays (Manta birostris, Manta alfredi) - year-round nationwide protection1月 1 – 12月 31
Full year-round protection; capture or possession prohibited anywhere in Indonesian waters under Decree No. 4/KEPMEN-KP/2014.
- 禁渔All sharks within Raja Ampat Regency waters - year-round (shark sanctuary)1月 1 – 12月 31
Raja Ampat is a year-round shark and manta sanctuary under Perda No. 9 of 2012 (declared 20 Feb 2013); taking any shark or ray is prohibited at all times.
捕鱼许可
许可证
下水所需具备的条件、费用,以及如何办理。
- 类型
- No recreational spearfishing licence exists at national level for locals or tourists
- 费用
- unknown
- 有效期
- unknown
- 如何办理
- Not applicable - no recreational spearfishing licence is issued. Access to Marine Protected Areas instead requires a Marine Park Entry Card / environmental services fee (e.g. Raja Ampat), and small-island/conservation-area use may require permits under Permen-KP No. 31/2020.
- 主管机构
- Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan)
装备与技术
装备规则
允许使用哪些装备、如何使用,以及附带的条件。
限制
- Spearfishing must be done on a single breath (freediving); SCUBA tanks and surface-supplied compressors may not be used to fish
- Compressor (kompresor) is expressly named in the elucidation of Art. 9 of Law No. 45/2009 as damaging fishing gear/aid - prohibited on fishing vessels nationwide (penalty: up to 5 years and Rp 2 billion under Art. 85)
- Explosives and poisons are strictly prohibited (national fisheries law and local regulations such as Raja Ampat Perda No. 9/2012 Art. 16)
The prohibition on SCUBA/compressor spearfishing is consistently reported by dive federations and charters and is grounded in the national ban on damaging fishing gear/aids; enforcement varies by region but violations occur.
可捕获什么
捕获限制与受保护鱼种
每日配额、最小尺寸,以及绝不可捕捞的鱼种。
每日限额
unknown
受保护鱼种——禁止捕捞
- 受保护All manta rays (Manta birostris, Manta alfredi) - full national protection (KEPMEN-KP No. 4/2014)
- 受保护Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) - fully protected nationally
- 受保护Napoleon / humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) - protected (KEPMEN-KP No. 37/2013)
- 受保护All sea turtles (penyu)
- 受保护Dugong (duyung)
- 受保护Sawfish (Pristidae)
- 受保护Whales / cetaceans (paus / mamalia laut)
- 受保护All sharks within Raja Ampat Regency waters (Perda No. 9/2012); various shark species protected/CITES-listed elsewhere
No general national bag or size limit for recreational spearfishing is published; the binding limits are the lists of fully protected species and the prohibition of extractive fishing inside MPAs/national parks. Regency-level regulations (e.g. Raja Ampat) add local protected-species lists.
谁可以捕鱼
访客与居民
针对外国访客与当地居民的规则有何不同。
外国访客
允许要求
- Freediving only - no SCUBA/compressor
- Do not take protected species
- Stay outside Marine Protected Areas and national parks; pay Marine Park entry fees where required
- Follow provincial/regency rules and any charter-operator guidance
限制
- Spearfishing entirely prohibited for tourists/visitors inside MPAs and marine national parks (e.g. Raja Ampat, Bunaken, Komodo, Wakatobi, Nusa Penida)
Tourists routinely spearfish via charters in Bali, Lombok and Java; no foreigner-specific spearfishing permit is required, but all national protected-species and protected-area rules apply equally to foreigners.
居民
No recreational spearfishing licence; traditional/customary fishing rights recognised for local communities
要求
- Within Raja Ampat MPAs, only local community members may spearfish, using traditional methods (jubi, senapan molo), and only in Sustainable Fisheries / Aquaculture Zones
优待
- Traditional fishing access in designated sustainable-use zones not available to tourists
National protected-species bans apply to residents as well; subsistence/traditional rights do not extend to protected species (sharks, manta, turtles, dugong) in sanctuary areas.
海岸何处
允许与禁止区域
对鱼叉捕鱼开放或关闭的命名区域。在互动地图上查看全貌。
允许区域
Recreational freediving spearfishing is widely practised and legal; numerous charter operators run trips. SCUBA spearfishing is not permitted, and protected species must not be taken.
Freediving only (no SCUBA/compressor); no protected species; stay outside protected/national-park zones.
Generally allowed for freediving spearfishing subject to local rules and protected-area boundaries.
Freediving only; respect protected zones and species.
Generally allowed for freediving spearfishing subject to local rules and protected-area boundaries.
Freediving only; respect protected zones and species.
禁止区域
- Raja Ampat Marine Protected Areas (Dampier Strait, Misool, North Misool, Kofiau-Boo, Mayalibit Bay, Ayau-Asia, Fam, Sayang-Wayag)marine protected area / conservation area
All spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited for any purpose. Entire regency is also a shark and manta sanctuary (Perda No. 9/2012). Only local communities may use traditional methods in Sustainable Fisheries/Aquaculture zones.
- Bunaken National Marine Park (North Sulawesi)national marine park
Protected national marine park; spearfishing strictly prohibited.
- Indonesian Marine Protected Areas / national parks generally (e.g. Komodo, Wakatobi, Nusa Penida, Bunaken, Raja Ampat)marine protected area / national park (no-take & tourism zones)
Within Marine Protected Areas and marine national parks designated under Permen-KP No. 31/2020 and KEPMEN-KP zoning decrees, extractive activities including spearfishing are prohibited in core/no-take and tourism zones.
- Komodo National Park (Flores / Lesser Sunda Islands)national marine park
UNESCO World Heritage marine national park (WDPA ID 67725, ~2,193 km2). Fishing is banned inside the park; spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited in Indonesian marine protected areas, and SCUBA/compressor-assisted capture of marine species is prohibited. Only designated traditional-use areas allow limited local fishing.
- Wakatobi National Park (Southeast Sulawesi)national marine park
Marine national park (~13,900 km2, established 2002) in Southeast Sulawesi with a zoned system. Coral-reef areas are designated no-take zones where all fishing is prohibited; only open-water traditional-use zones allow local fishing. Spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited in Indonesian MPAs.
- Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area (Bali)marine protected area
MPA covering ~20,057 ha around Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan (declared 2010). In the core zone all activities except research/education are prohibited and fishing is prohibited in the marine tourism zone; spearfishing and any harvesting are prohibited in the protected zones and compressor fishing is banned.
- Bali Barat National Park - Menjangan Island Marine Zone (West Bali)national marine park
West Bali National Park (established 1984) includes a ~70 km2 marine protected area around Menjangan Island where no fishing is allowed and all marine life is protected. Spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited in Indonesian MPAs.
- Karimunjawa National Park (Central Java)marine national park
Marine national park in the Java Sea off Central Java; its zonation includes a no-take Sanctuary/Core Zone (Burung and Geleang Islands, 1,299 ha) where all fishing and extraction are prohibited (research and education only).
- Taka Bonerate National Park (South Sulawesi)marine national park
Third-largest atoll in the world (530,765 ha) in the Flores Sea, gazetted as a marine national park in 1992; under Indonesian national-park law its core zone (zona inti) is strictly no-take, prohibiting fishing and extraction.
- Togean Islands National Park (Central Sulawesi)marine national park
Marine national park (designated 2004) covering ~292,000 ha of sea in the Gulf of Tomini; a national park whose core (zona inti) zone is a strict no-take area where fishing and extraction are prohibited.
- Teluk Cenderawasih National Park (Papua)marine national park
Indonesia's largest marine national park (14,535 km2 in Cenderawasih Bay, declared 2002); as a national park its core (zona inti) zone is no-take, with fishing and extraction prohibited there.
- Kepulauan Seribu National Park (Thousand Islands, Jakarta)marine national park
Marine national park off Jakarta (gazetted 2002); it contains no-take Core and Protection Zones where all forms of fishing are prohibited (entry to Core zones is also barred).
- Gili Matra Marine Tourism Park (Gili Trawangan/Meno/Air, Lombok)marine protected area
National marine tourism park (TWP) around the three Gili Islands off North Lombok (est. 1993, ~2,274 ha); includes designated no-take conservation zones (~95 ha) where fishing/extraction is prohibited.
- Savu Sea Marine National Park (Laut Sawu, NTT)marine protected area
Vast national marine protected area (3.35 million ha) in East Nusa Tenggara established by ministerial decree (2014); contains roughly 79,700 ha of no-take zones where fishing and extraction are prohibited.
- Alor Marine Protected Area (SAP Selat Pantar, NTT)marine protected area
Selat Pantar and Surrounding Waters Marine Nature Reserve in Alor Regency (~277,000 ha, est. by ministerial decree 2015); includes ~7,789 ha of no-take zones where fishing/extraction is prohibited.
- Berau Islands (Derawan) Marine Protected Area (East Kalimantan)marine protected area
MPA in the Derawan archipelago (Berau, ~285,549 ha, declared 2016) in the Sulawesi Sea; zoned into red (no-take), green (limited use) and grey zones, with the red zones prohibiting all fishing/extraction.
- Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang Marine Recreation Park (East Lombok)marine protected area
Mangrove-fringed marine conservation area (~5,807 ha) off northeast Lombok; its zonation includes the Gili Lawang Core Zone, a no-take area where fishing/extraction is prohibited.
- Kepulauan Pieh Marine Recreation Park (West Sumatra)marine protected area
National marine recreation park off Padang (Decree KEP.70/MEN/2009, ~39,900 ha) in the Indian Ocean; its zonation includes a core zone (zona inti) that is a no-take area prohibiting fishing/extraction.
- Anambas Islands Marine Tourism Park (Riau Islands)marine protected area
Large national aquatic tourism park (TWP) in the Anambas archipelago, South China Sea (Kepmen-KP No. 53/2014); contains no-take Core Zones (e.g. Repong Is., Tokong Malangbiru Is.) protecting reefs, turtle nesting and spawning-aggregation sites from extraction.
- Ay-Rhun Islands Marine Tourism Park (Banda Islands, Maluku)marine protected area
National marine tourism park (TWP) surrounding Ay, Rhun and Nailaka Islands in the Banda Islands (established by ministerial decree 2021, ~61,178 ha); includes ~877 ha of no-take zones where fishing is prohibited.
Gazetted marine protected area (Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, ~353,441 ha) in the strait between Batanta and Waigeo, the busiest dive area in Raja Ampat. Contains a designated no-take zone (Core Zone / Food Security and Tourism Sub-zone) where all fishing is prohibited; across the whole Raja Ampat MPA network spearfishing by tourists or visitors is prohibited for any purpose (only local communities may use traditional jubi/senapan molo methods in Sustainable Fisheries/Aquaculture zones).
- Raja Ampat - Fam Islands MPA (no-take zone)no-take zone
Gazetted Raja Ampat marine protected area (~359,386 ha, formalized 2021) covering the Fam/Piaynemo island group in the straits between Waigeo and the Bird's Head. Contains a designated no-take zone (Food Security and Tourism Sub-zone / No Take Zone) where all fishing is prohibited; spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited throughout the Raja Ampat MPA network.
Gazetted Raja Ampat marine protected area (~137,000-149,000 ha) at the archipelago's western frontier, comprising the Kofiau Islands and the Boo Islands (44 islets). As part of the Raja Ampat MPA network it contains Core / No-Take zones where all fishing is prohibited, and spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited throughout the network.
Gazetted Raja Ampat marine protected area (~100,000 ha, formalized 2021) covering the remote Ayau and Asia coral atolls north of Waigeo. Contains a designated no-take zone where all fishing is prohibited; spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited throughout the Raja Ampat MPA network.
- Raja Ampat - Mayalibit Bay MPA (no-take zone)no-take zone
The first Raja Ampat MPA (customary declaration 15 Nov 2006; ~49,451 ha), covering the enclosed 'inner sea' of Teluk Mayalibit that nearly bisects central Waigeo - a mangrove/seagrass nursery ground. Contains a designated no-take zone where all fishing is prohibited; spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited throughout the Raja Ampat MPA network.
Two no-take zones (NTZs) within the gazetted Misool Islands MPA (Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, ~348,519 ha, formalized 2021) in southeast Misool - the Batbitim and Daram NTZs of the Misool Marine Reserve, established with the local community in 2005 and among the highest reef-fish-biomass sites in Raja Ampat. Point marks the Batbitim NTZ. All extractive use, including fishing, is banned; spearfishing by tourists/visitors is prohibited throughout the Raja Ampat MPA network.
水上水况
实时水况
来自 Open-Meteo 的 Indonesia 沿海参考点附近的实时海洋与天气快照。沿海各处水况各异——仅供参考。
Bali coastal waters (outside MPAs and national parks) 附近的实时海洋与天气。
向谁咨询
主管机构
负责渔业与许可证的官方机构。
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, KKP)
fisheries authority
Directorate General of Marine Spatial Management - Conservation Areas (Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Ruang Laut / Seapark)
marine conservation authority
Raja Ampat Marine Park Authority (BLUD UPTD Pengelolaan KKP Kepulauan Raja Ampat)
marine protected area authority
信息来源
来源
本页的每一项陈述均可追溯至以下参考资料之一。
- [01]
Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries (official PDF, KKP SKP-PDSPKP)
官方skp-pdspkp.kkp.go.id访问于 6月 14 - [02]
Raja Ampat Regency Regulation (Perda) No. 9 of 2012 on the Prohibition of Catching Sharks and Manta Rays (official text, Bird's Head Seascape legislation archive)
官方birdsheadseascape.com访问于 6月 14 - [03]
Raja Ampat Marine Park - Rules & Regulations: General Use (official MPA authority)
官方kkprajaampat.com访问于 6月 14 - [04]
The SEA People - Marine Protected Areas: Rules and Legal Framework (lists governing decrees and Perda)
二手theseapeople.org访问于 6月 14 - [05]
The SEA People - Marine Protected Areas in Raja Ampat (MPA names and areas)
二手theseapeople.org访问于 6月 14 - [06]
Permen-KP No. 31/PERMEN-KP/2020 on Management of Conservation Areas (official PDF, Seapark KKP)
官方seapark.kkp.go.id访问于 6月 14 - [07]
ReShark - How a species gains national protection in Indonesia (manta KEPMEN-KP 4/2014, Napoleon wrasse 37/2013)
二手reshark.org访问于 6月 14 - [08]
Mongabay Indonesia - Raja Ampat establishes 46,000 km2 shark & manta protection area (Perda 9/2012, declared 20 Feb 2013)
二手mongabay.co.id访问于 6月 14 - [09]
SWI Fishing Charters - Spearfishing in Bali guide (freediving only, no licence, Bunaken prohibited)
communityswi-fishing.safariwisata.co.id访问于 6月 14 - [10]
harpune.info - Spearfishing rules worldwide: Indonesia (no licence required, no scuba, protected areas)
communityharpune.info访问于 6月 14
研究员备注
Confidence is medium: the binding national legal texts (Law 45/2009 Arts. 9 & 85 and their elucidation) and the Raja Ampat Perda No. 9/2012 (Arts. 14, 16, 24) were retrieved verbatim from official/archival PDFs and extracted locally; the Perda text comes from an OCR'd scan so minor transcription artifacts were normalised (e.g. 'perse seine' read as 'purse seine'). Key uncertainties: (1) Indonesia has no single statute that names 'spearfishing' (penembakan ikan / panah ikan) explicitly - the freediving-only rule is the practical consequence of the national prohibition on compressor/scuba-assisted fishing (Art. 9 elucidation) plus protected-species and MPA rules, as consistently reported by dive federations and charters rather than by a dedicated spearfishing clause. (2) Province/regency rules vary; only Raja Ampat's local regulation was obtained verbatim. (3) No national recreational bag/size limits were found. The kkprajaampat.com and several charter pages were unreachable directly from this environment (network timeouts); their content was captured via web search snippets and the reachable mirror/legal-framework pages. Coordinates for zones are approximate centroids for mapping, not legal boundaries.
当 Indonesia 的规则变化时通知我
当 Indonesia 的季节或法规在我们的数据集中更新时,我们会向你发送邮件。
