Tonga
Oceania · Polynesia
Recreational and subsistence spearfishing (free-diving, breath-hold) is a long-established, legal and common fishing method in Tonga and is expressly recognised in national fisheries policy as a small-scale fishing technique. However it is restricted: the Fisheries Management Act 2002 empowers the Minister to regulate spear guns, underwater breathing apparatus and underwater torches; the use of SCUBA (underwater breathing apparatus) for fishing is prohibited unless an exemption is granted by the Ministry of Fisheries. Spearfishing, like all fishing, is banned inside community Special Management Areas (SMAs) for non-members and entirely banned inside Fish Habitat Reserves (no-take zones within SMAs); these laws apply to all visitors including tourists and boaters. National species size limits and conservation rules (protected/no-take species, a sea-urchin closed season) apply to whatever is speared. Marine mammals (whales, dolphins) and several reef species are fully protected and may not be taken. Foreign visitors fish under the same rules as residents; recreational/sport fishing licence powers exist under the Act but are administered chiefly through commercial sport-fishing vessel (charter) licences rather than individual recreational permits.
最后更新 6月 15, 2026
管辖框架
- §Fisheries Management Act 2002 (Act No. 26 of 2002; CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
- §Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008
- §Fisheries (Coastal Communities) Regulations 2009 (Special Management Areas)
- §Fisheries (Local Fishing) Regulations 2009
- §Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026
- §Whale Watching and Swimming Regulations 2013
- 鱼枪
- 允许
- 水肺
- 禁止
- 外国人
- 欢迎
法律原文
法律条文
管辖此处鱼叉捕鱼的确切法律与法规条款,按发布原文引用,并附每个官方来源的链接。
Regulation-making power over spear guns, underwater breathing apparatus and night fishing
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
101 Regulations (1) The Minister may make regulations for the implementation of this Act. (2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1) the Minister may in such regulations provide for all or any of the following — ... (f) the use of underwater breathing apparatus and under water torches for night fishing and regulating the use of spear guns and other similar devices;
Regulation-making power over recreational/sport fishing and Special Management Areas
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
(b) the organisation and administration of Coastal Communities and the conservation and management measures that may be applied in Special Management Areas designated to such coastal communities; (c) prescribing fisheries management and conservation measures, gear standards, minimum and a maximum species sizes, closed seasons, closed areas, prohibited methods of fishing gear and schemes for limiting entry into all or any specified fisheries; ... (e) sport or recreational fishing in the fisheries waters and requiring the holding of licences for persons engaging in sport or recreational fishing;
Exemption of non-commercial sport and subsistence vessels from registration
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
(3) The Minister may, by Notice in the Gazette, exempt any local fishing vessel used only for sport fishing other than for reward or profit, or any local fishing vessel or non-motorised canoe used only for subsistence fishing, or a foreign fishing vessel registered on the Regional Register or any other regional register of fishing vessels maintained under a regional fisheries management agreement or arrangement, from the requirements of subsection (2).
Commercial sport (charter) fishing vessel licence requirement
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition)
30 Commercial sport fishing Licences (1) No fishing vessel shall be used for reward or hire for sport fishing in the fisheries waters without a commercial sport fishing vessel licence issued by the Chief Executive Officer.
Spearfishing recognised as a small-scale fishing technique
Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026
Fishing techniques may involve diving (including spearfishing), hand lining, netting or gleaning (often by women), octopus fishing (a'afeke), drop lining and trolling. ... This Plan applies to ... any fishing activities within that area that include, but are not limited to: i) net fishing ii) trolling, line and reef fishing iii) spear fishing.
Restrictions on protected marine species (turtles, giant clam, mud crab, pearl oyster)
Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026
5.1 No person shall take, possess, sell or purchase any mud crab (Scylla serrata) carrying eggs. 5.2 No person shall sell giant clam (Tridacna spp) and turtle meat locally without inspection and authorization by the Ministry. ... 5.4 No person shall take, possess, sell or purchase any loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate) meat locally, during the open season, without inspection and authorization by the Ministry. ... 5.6 No person can harvest wing pearl oyster from the wild without the authorization from the CEO, Ministry of Fisheries.
何时可以潜水
季节与时间限制
全年的禁渔、开放与受限期。请务必向当地确认针对特定鱼种的禁渔期。
- 禁渔Sea urchin (Tukumisi)10月 1 – 11月 30
Sea urchin harvest is prohibited from October to November under the National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026 (section 7.1, Closed Season).
捕鱼许可
许可证
下水所需具备的条件、费用,以及如何办理。
Subsistence and small-scale fishers register with the Ministry of Fisheries (vessel, gear and fisher registration). Net licences and export licences/permits are issued by the Ministry. Commercial sport (charter) fishing vessel licences are issued by the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Fisheries.
办理许可证打开官方门户 · tongafish.gov.to
- 类型
- No dedicated individual recreational spearfishing licence. Subsistence fishers must register with the Ministry of Fisheries; charter/guided sport-fishing operations require a commercial sport fishing vessel licence.
- 费用
- unknown
- 有效期
- unknown
- 如何办理
- Subsistence and small-scale fishers register with the Ministry of Fisheries (vessel, gear and fisher registration). Net licences and export licences/permits are issued by the Ministry. Commercial sport (charter) fishing vessel licences are issued by the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Fisheries.
- 主管机构
- Ministry of Fisheries (Tonga)
装备与技术
装备规则
允许使用哪些装备、如何使用,以及附带的条件。
限制
- Use of spear guns and similar devices is subject to regulation by the Minister under the Fisheries Management Act 2002, s.101(2)(f).
- Use of underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) for fishing is prohibited; an exemption can be obtained from the Ministry of Fisheries.
- Use of underwater breathing apparatus and underwater torches for night fishing is subject to ministerial regulation.
- Spearfishing is generally conducted by breath-hold (free) diving.
The Fisheries Management Act enables the Minister to regulate spear guns, SCUBA and underwater torches; secondary sources indicate SCUBA fishing is banned absent a Ministry exemption. Spearguns themselves remain a recognised, legal small-scale fishing tool when used by free-diving.
可捕获什么
捕获限制与受保护鱼种
每日配额、最小尺寸,以及绝不可捕捞的鱼种。
每日限额
No general national daily bag limit for subsistence spearfishing identified. Home-consumption export limit for finfish is 20 kg per person; commercial export limits apply per species (e.g. sea urchin/sea hares 50 kg/quarter, arch clams 20 kg/quarter).
最小尺寸
- Acanthurus triostegus (Manini, convict surgeonfish)最小 17 cm
- Ctenochaetus striatus (Pone 'uli)最小 17 cm
- Naso hexacanthus (Ume atu)最小 54 cm
- Naso lituratus (Ume lei)最小 22 cm
- Naso lopezi (Ume atu)最小 32 cm
- Naso unicornis (Ume / 'Ume kaki)最小 32 cm
- Lethrinus xanthochilus (Ngungutoa)最小 43 cm
- Lethrinus obsoletus (Tanutanu)最小 24 cm
- Lethrinus nebulosus (Koango / 'Ika hina)最小 41 cm
- Lethrinus harak (Tanutanu)最小 22 cm
- Lethrinus olivaceus (Ngutukao / Ngutuloloa)最小 43 cm
- Hipposcarus longiceps (Olomea)最小 32 cm
- Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Ufu)最小 21 cm
- Scarus ghobban (Hohomo)最小 41 cm
- Scarus globiceps (Hohomo)最小 29 cm
- Scarus schlegeli (Hohomo)最小 26 cm
- Bolbometopon muricatum (Sikatoki, bumphead parrotfish)最小 69 cm
- Chlorurus microrhinos (Sikatoki)最小 45 cm
- Siganus argenteus (Ma'ava)最小 20 cm
- Siganus fuscescens (Ma'ava)最小 20 cm
- Siganus vermiculatus (Pongongo)最小 25 cm
- Siganus spinus (oo)最小 14 cm
- Octopus (Feke)最小 60 cm
受保护鱼种——禁止捕捞
- 受保护All whales and dolphins (cetaceans) — fully protected from hunting/killing (royal ban since 1978; reaffirmed in fisheries legislation)
- 受保护Giant grouper (prohibited to harvest or export — Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008)
- 受保护Bumphead / humphead parrotfish (prohibited to harvest or export — Conservation Regulations 2008)
- 受保护Humphead (Napoleon) wrasse (prohibited to harvest or export — Conservation Regulations 2008)
- 受保护Rays (prohibited to harvest or export — Conservation Regulations 2008)
- 受保护Leatherback turtle — no take
- 受保护Sea turtles (loggerhead, green, hawksbill, olive ridley) — take restricted; closed/open seasons and ministry authorization required; size limits apply
- 受保护Giant clam (Tridacna spp.) — commercial and home-consumption export prohibited; local sale requires ministry inspection
- 受保护Mud crab carrying eggs — no take
- 受保护Wing/winged pearl oyster — no wild harvest without CEO authorization
Size limits and protected-species rules are set out in the National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026 (Tongan vernacular names retained). The Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008 additionally prohibit harvest/export of giant grouper, bumphead parrotfish, humphead wrasse and rays (per secondary sources). Turtle minimum sizes listed in the Plan: olive ridley 66 cm, green 108 cm, loggerhead 100 cm, hawksbill 76 cm; leatherback = no take.
谁可以捕鱼
访客与居民
针对外国访客与当地居民的规则有何不同。
外国访客
允许要求
- Follow all Tongan fisheries and conservation laws, which expressly apply to all visitors including tourists and boaters.
- Do not fish or spearfish inside any Special Management Area (reserved for registered community members) or any Fish Habitat Reserve (no-take).
- Observe national size limits, the SCUBA fishing prohibition and protected-species rules.
限制
- No spearfishing/fishing in SMAs or Fish Habitat Reserves.
- No taking of protected species (whales, dolphins, listed reef fish, turtles, giant clam).
- Charter/guided sport-fishing operators must hold a commercial sport fishing vessel licence.
No specific evidence of a dedicated tourist spearfishing permit was found; visitors fish recreationally under the same national rules as residents. Where there is doubt over local SMA boundaries, boaters are advised to use the Ministry/community SMA chart overlays and to pay community anchorage fees where applicable.
居民
Subsistence/small-scale fisher registration with the Ministry of Fisheries; SMA membership for community-managed areas.
要求
- Small-scale fishers undertaking subsistence or commercial fishing must register with the Ministry of Fisheries.
- Small-scale fishing vessels must be on the Ministry's Fishing Vessel Register; cast nets must be on the Cast Net Register.
- Only registered members of a coastal community may fish within that community's Special Management Area.
优待
- Registered SMA community members hold preferential/exclusive access to fish within their community's Special Management Area.
- Non-motorised subsistence canoes can be exempted from vessel registration by Gazette notice.
The Special Management Area (SMA) programme grants coastal communities stewardship and preferential access to adjacent marine areas under the Fisheries Management Act 2002 and the Fisheries (Coastal Communities) Regulations 2009.
海岸何处
允许与禁止区域
对鱼叉捕鱼开放或关闭的命名区域。在互动地图上查看全貌。
允许区域
Spearfishing (free-diving) is permitted as a small-scale/subsistence fishing method throughout Tonga's coastal waters (out to roughly the fringing reefs and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea), subject to national size limits, protected-species rules, the SCUBA prohibition, and exclusion from Special Management Areas where the diver is not a registered community member.
Free-diving only (no SCUBA without Ministry exemption); national species size limits apply; protected/no-take species may not be taken; must not enter another community's SMA or any Fish Habitat Reserve.
禁止区域
- Special Management Areas (SMAs) — nationwide networkcommunity fishery management area (no fishing for non-members)
Community-managed Special Management Areas exist around most coastal communities across Tongatapu, Ha'apai and Vava'u. Within an SMA only registered members of the host community may fish; non-members, including tourists and visiting boaters, may not fish or spearfish. Tonga's fisheries and conservation laws apply to all visitors.
- Fish Habitat Reserves (FHRs) within SMAsno-take marine reserve
Each Special Management Area contains a permanent no-take Fish Habitat Reserve where all fishing, spearfishing and collection of marine life is strictly prohibited for everyone, including community members and visitors.
- Vava'u Special Management Areascommunity fishery management area / no-take zone
SMAs are scattered throughout the Vava'u island group, often near key islands and traditional fishing grounds, with designated 'No Anchoring, No Fishing or Fish Habitat' zones. Fishing and spearfishing by non-members is prohibited. Exact boundaries are published via OpenCPN chart overlays for boaters.
水上水况
实时水况
来自 Open-Meteo 的 Tonga 沿海参考点附近的实时海洋与天气快照。沿海各处水况各异——仅供参考。
Vava'u Special Management Areas 附近的实时海洋与天气。
向谁咨询
主管机构
负责渔业与许可证的官方机构。
Ministry of Fisheries (Kingdom of Tonga)
fisheries authority
tongafish.gov.toNuku'alofa, TongaForum Fisheries Agency (FFA) — regional
regional fisheries body
ffa.intHoniara, Solomon IslandsPacific Community (SPC) — Coastal Fisheries & Aquaculture
regional technical agency
cbfm.spc.intNoumea, New Caledonia
信息来源
来源
本页的每一项陈述均可追溯至以下参考资料之一。
- [01]
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06, 2016 Revised Edition) — official text (Tonga Trade Portal)
官方tonga.tradeportal.org访问于 6月 15 - [02]
Tonga National Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Plan 2023-2026 (FAOLEX)
官方faolex.fao.org访问于 6月 15 - [03]
Tonga Ministry of Fisheries — official website (regulations & legislation)
官方tongafish.gov.to访问于 6月 15 - [04]
Fisheries Management Act 2002 — Global Fishing Legislative Database (The Outlaw Ocean Project)
二手theoutlawocean.com访问于 6月 15 - [05]
Fisheries Management Act 2002 (No. 26 of 2002) — ECOLEX record
二手ecolex.org访问于 6月 15 - [06]
Navigating Vava'u Special Management Areas: A Guide for International Boaters in Tonga
communityblog.noforeignland.com访问于 6月 15 - [07]
Tonga | SPC Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture (CBFM) — Special Management Areas
二手cbfm.spc.int访问于 6月 15 - [08]
Whale Watching and Swimming Regulations 2013 — Tonga (Tonga Trade Portal)
官方tonga.tradeportal.org访问于 6月 15
研究员备注
Spearfishing in Tonga is legal but conditional. Key load-bearing findings, all source-backed: (1) The Fisheries Management Act 2002 (CAP. 42.06) gives the Minister power to regulate spear guns, SCUBA and underwater torches (s.101(2)(f)) and to require recreational/sport-fishing licences (s.101(2)(e)) — verbatim text captured from the official PDF. (2) SCUBA fishing is prohibited unless exempted by the Ministry (per secondary sources, consistent with the Act's enabling power); free-diving spearfishing is the norm and is recognised as a small-scale technique in the 2023-2026 Coastal Fisheries Plan. (3) Nationwide community Special Management Areas (SMAs) reserve fishing to registered community members, and Fish Habitat Reserves within them are full no-take zones — these apply to all visitors. (4) Detailed minimum size limits and protected-species/turtle/giant-clam rules and a sea-urchin closed season (Oct-Nov) come verbatim from the official Coastal Fisheries Plan. (5) The Fisheries Management (Conservation) Regulations 2008 additionally protect giant grouper, bumphead parrotfish, humphead wrasse and rays (confirmed via secondary sources; the primary regulation text was not directly retrieved). Confidence is MEDIUM: the Act and the Coastal Fisheries Plan were read verbatim from official PDFs, but the precise wording of the SCUBA-spearfishing prohibition and the 2008 Conservation Regulations was corroborated through secondary sources rather than fetched primary text. No per-individual recreational spearfishing licence regime was found; visitors fish under national rules. Coordinates for individual SMAs are not publicly itemised (boundaries are distributed via OpenCPN overlays); only an approximate Vava'u group centroid is given.
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