Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge and Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument (Jarvis Island unit)

Jarvis Island sits 1,305 nautical miles south of Honolulu on the equator. The Fish and Wildlife Service describes a refuge established in 1974 that "includes submerged lands out to 200 nautical miles from the island, encompassing 429,853 acres, with 1,273 acres being terrestrial and 428,580 acres being submerged", and states that the refuge "is not open to the public and entry is only allowed through a Special Use Permit when the activity is deemed appropriate with purposes to the refuge establishment". Jarvis was one of the three units whose monument waters Proclamation 9173 (2014) pushed out to the full limit of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Within that monument, non-commercial fishing is prohibited except under permit (50 CFR 665.933(b)) and is prohibited outright inside 12 nautical miles of emergent land (50 CFR 665.934(d)); refuge rules independently prohibit taking any animal (50 CFR 27.21). Spearfishing is prohibited.