Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge and Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument (Kingman Reef unit)

Kingman Reef is an almost entirely submerged atoll: the Fish and Wildlife Service describes the refuge as consisting of "all emergent areas of Kingman Reef and its surrounding 487,016 acres of submerged lands and waters that extend out 12 nautical miles, including over 25,000 acres of thriving coral reef habitat", with dry land barely a few feet above sea level. It is one of the least disturbed reef systems in the Pacific and, precisely for that reason, one of the most tightly closed: the Service states the refuge "is not open to the public and entry is only allowed through a Special Use Permit when the activity is deemed appropriate with purposes to the refuge establishment". Taking any animal is prohibited under 50 CFR 27.21, no unit here is opened to sport fishing by 50 CFR 32.7, and non-commercial fishing is prohibited throughout the monument under 50 CFR 665.933(b) and absolutely within 12 nautical miles of emergent land under 50 CFR 665.934(d). Spearfishing is prohibited.