Finland
Europe · Northern Europe
Recreational spearfishing (underwater fishing with a harpoon/speargun by freediving) is legal in Finland but is not part of the free public 'common fishing right'. Under the Fishing Act (379/2015), only angling and ice fishing are free everyman's rights; lure fishing requires the state fisheries management fee. Spearfishing falls into 'fishing other than angling or ice fishing', so anyone aged 18-69 must pay the state fisheries management fee (47 euros/year, 16 euros/7 days, 6 euros/day in 2026) AND must obtain the permission of the holder of the fishing right (water-area owner), because spearfishing is not covered by the common right and the management fee alone only entitles the holder to lure fishing with one rod. Harpoon/fishgig is prohibited by law in rapids and currents of waters containing migratory fish at all times, and is prohibited everywhere from 15 April to 31 May. Firearms (and therefore firearm/explosive-powered spearfishing devices) are prohibited as a fishing method; band and pneumatic spearguns are not firearms and are permitted. Minimum catch sizes and species protection/closed periods apply. Scuba use is not banned by the Fishing Act, but Finnish spearfishing practice is freediving only.
Última atualização setembro 9, 2026
Enquadramento legal
- §Fishing Act / Kalastuslaki (379/2015), as amended
- §Government Decree on Fishing / Valtioneuvoston asetus kalastuksesta (1360/2015), as amended (minimum sizes and protection periods)
- §Valtioneuvoston asetus vapaa-ajankalastuksen saalisilmoituksesta (716/2024), muutettu asetuksella 100/2026 — kalastuslain 379/2015 62 a §:n nojalla; viittaa asetuksen (EY) N:o 1224/2009 55 artiklaan
- Licença obrigatória
- Obrigatória
- Arpão
- Permitido
- Estrangeiros
- Bem-vindos
A lei, na íntegra
Textos legais
As disposições legais e regulamentares exatas que regem a pesca submarina aqui, citadas tal como publicadas, com uma ligação a cada fonte oficial.
Common fishing rights (free angling/ice fishing; fee for lure fishing)
Fishing Act (379/2015)
Section 7. Common fishing rights. (1) Everyone has a right to engage in angling and ice fishing and to fish Baltic herring with a rod and vertically moved hooks attached to a line free of charge. (2) Everyone who has paid the fisheries management fee and everyone under 18 or at least 65 years of age has the right to engage in lure fishing. Provisions on the fisheries management fee and its payment are laid down in Chapter 9. (3) The rights referred to above in subsections 1 and 2 do not apply to rapids and currents in waters containing migratory fish or water areas where fishing is prohibited on the basis of another provision. Permit of the fishing right holder shall be obtained for angling, ice fishing and lure fishing competitions and similar organised events. (4) The provisions of subsections 1-3 above also apply to State-owned water areas.
Definitions of fishing methods (angling, ice fishing, lure fishing, management fee)
Fishing Act (379/2015)
5) angling means fishing with one rod and hook without a reel suitable for spinning and without a lure; 6) ice fishing means fishing with a short rod and a vertically moved jig attached to a line; 7) lure means an artificially manufactured troll, wobbler, fly, jig or a comparable lure equipped with a hook which lures fish to strike with its movement, colour or shape; 8) lure fishing means fishing with a rod and lure other than angling or ice fishing, trolling with one rod, lure and weighted lure and reel fishing; 9) fisheries management fee means a payment to be made to the State for the promotion of fishery;
Prohibited ways of fishing, catching methods and fishing equipment (harpoon/fishgig and firearms)
Fishing Act (379/2015)
Section 46 - Prohibited ways of fishing, catching methods and fishing equipment. (1) The following ways of fishing, catching methods and fishing equipment are prohibited in fishing: 1) pressure obtained by means of an explosion or otherwise; 2) firearms; 3) intoxicating or toxic substances or substances that otherwise contaminate water; 4) electricity; 5) intentional hooking of the fish from outside; 6) fishgig, harpoon or a comparable blade, hook or a pointed equipment, fishing by using fire or light with a landing net in a river, rapids and currents in waters with migratory fish and, from 15 April to 31 May, in other waters as well; 7) in rapids and currents in waters with migratory fish, angling, ice fishing and fishing with a grayling trap; 8) a net drifting with currents or attached to a vessel; 9) other fishing gear, devices and ways of fishing that unnecessarily damage or kill fish or endanger the preservation of a fish stock or are harmful to biodiversity. (2) Prohibited fishing equipment shall not be stored in a vehicle used for fishing or kept readily at hand for fishing. However, transporting a firearm used for hunting is allowed.
Fisheries management fee required for fishing other than angling or ice fishing
Fishing Act (379/2015)
Section 79. Fisheries management fee and adjusting it. (1) For fishing other than angling or ice fishing, persons 18 to 64 years of age shall pay a fisheries management fee to the State. The fisheries management fee is 39 euros for a calendar year, 12 euros for seven days and 5 euros for a day. (2) A proof of payment of the fisheries management fee shall be kept in one's possession when fishing and shown to the authority referred to in section 99 or fishing supervisor upon request. (3) The amount of the fisheries management fee shall be adjusted every five years by Government decree in accordance with the change in the value of money. The amount of the fee shall be rounded to the nearest full euro.
Recreational fisheries — Member State duty to register fishers and collect catch reports; ban on selling recreational catch
Regulation (EU) 2023/2842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 November 2023, Article 1, point (51), replacing Article 55 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1224/2009. Applicable from 10 January 2026 (Article 7(2)).
1. Member States shall ensure that recreational fisheries on their territory and in Union waters are conducted in a manner compatible with the objectives and rules of the common fisheries policy. For that purpose coastal Member States shall have in place an electronic system for the recording and reporting of catches from recreational fisheries. […] 3. Coastal Member States shall ensure that natural persons engaged in recreational fisheries are registered and that they record and report their catches through an electronic system referred to paragraph 1 as follows: (a) For species, stocks, or groups of stocks that are subject to Union conservation measures which apply specifically to recreational fisheries, such as quotas, catch limits and bag limits, on a daily basis; and (b) for species, stocks or groups of stocks for which fishing opportunities are set by the Union or which are covered by a multiannual plan or which are subject to the landing obligation, and for which species scientific advice from the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), ICES or an equivalent scientific body indicates that recreational fisheries are having a significant impact on the fishing mortality, as from 1 January 2030. […] 5. The marketing or sale of catches from recreational fisheries shall be prohibited. […] 7. This Article shall apply to any recreational fishing activities, including fishing activities organised by commercial entities in the tourism sector and in the sector of sports competition.
Recreational catch reporting — species list and the EU cross-reference
Valtioneuvoston asetus vapaa-ajankalastuksen saalisilmoituksesta (716/2024), 1 §, as amended by valtioneuvoston asetus 100/2026 (in force 1 February 2026); enabling provision kalastuslaki 379/2015, 62 a §
1) lohi; 2) järvilohi; 3) taimen; 4) ankerias; 5) nieriä Kuolimossa ja Saimaalla sekä muualla liitteestä 1 ilmenevällä Vuoksen vesistöalueella; 6) harjus sisävesissä leveyspiirin 65°00′N eteläpuolella sekä meressä; 7) kyttyrälohi; 8) turska. [...] Lohen, ankeriaan ja turskan osalta saaliin ilmoittamisesta säädetään lisäksi [...] neuvoston asetuksen (EY) N:o 1224/2009 55 artiklassa, sellaisena kuin se on viimeksi muutettuna asetuksella (EU) 2023/2842, sekä [...] komission täytäntöönpanoasetuksessa (EU) 2025/274.
Quando pode mergulhar
Épocas e restrições temporais
Períodos de defeso, abertos e restritos ao longo do ano. Confirme sempre localmente os defesos específicos por espécie.
- DefesoHarpoon / fishgig spearfishing in all watersAbr 15 – Mai 31
Under Fishing Act 379/2015 Section 46(1)(6), the use of a fishgig, harpoon or comparable blade/pointed equipment is prohibited from 15 April to 31 May in all waters (and at all times in rivers, rapids and currents in waters containing migratory fish). This effectively bans spearfishing nationwide during the spring spawning closure.
- DefesoMigratory trout (sea trout) - fully protectedJan 1 – Dez 31
Migratory trout (sea trout) is fully protected (year-round) in all sea areas and in inland waters south of latitude 64 deg 00 N; it must be released. Salmon and migratory trout are also protected 1 September - 30 November in rivers and streams.
- DefesoGrayling in inland waters south of 67 deg 00 NAbr 1 – Mai 31
Grayling is protected (closed season) from 1 April to 31 May in inland waters south of latitude 67 deg 00 N.
Autorização para pescar
Licença
O que precisa para estar autorizado na água, quanto custa e como a obter.
Pay the state fisheries management fee via Metsahallitus Eraluvat (eraluvat.fi), the Erakauppa shops, R-kioski kiosks, or by phone; then obtain the separate permission/permit of the owner of the water area where you intend to spearfish.
Obtenha a sua licençaAbre o portal oficial · eraluvat.fi
- Tipo
- State fisheries management fee (kalastonhoitomaksu) PLUS permission of the fishing right holder (water-area owner) for the specific water; on the exclusive economic zone and public sea areas no owner's permission is needed. Separately from the fee, kalastuslaki 379/2015 § 62 a requires a catch report from every recreational fisher aged 16+ in a reporting area, covering the fish caught, THE GEAR USED and the fishing area, and including released fish. Valtioneuvoston asetus 716/2024 § 1, recut on 1 February 2026 by asetus 100/2026, lists eight species - salmon, landlocked salmon, trout, eel, Arctic char (named waters), grayling (inland south of 65°00'N and at sea), pink salmon and cod - and cross-refers, for salmon, eel and cod, to Article 55 of Regulation (EC) No 1224/2009 as amended by Regulation (EU) 2023/2842. Reports are due without delay and at the latest within 14 days, which is longer than the daily reporting Article 55(3)(a) contemplates.
- Custo
- Fisheries management fee (2026): 47 euros per calendar year, 16 euros per 7-day period, 6 euros per day. Water-owner permits vary (e.g. local/regional permits; may be free or paid).
- Validade
- Calendar year / 7 days / 1 day depending on fee purchased
- Como obter
- Pay the state fisheries management fee via Metsahallitus Eraluvat (eraluvat.fi), the Erakauppa shops, R-kioski kiosks, or by phone; then obtain the separate permission/permit of the owner of the water area where you intend to spearfish.
- Autoridade
- Metsahallitus (Eraluvat) on behalf of the State; water-area owner / fishery association for local permission
Equipamento e técnica
Regras de equipamento
Que equipamento é permitido, como pode ser usado e as condições associadas.
Restrições
- Firearms are prohibited as a fishing method (Fishing Act s.46(1)(2)) - firearm/explosive-powered spearfishing devices are illegal; band-powered and pneumatic spearguns are not firearms and are permitted.
- Explosives and any pressure obtained by explosion are prohibited (s.46(1)(1)).
- Fishgig / harpoon / comparable pointed equipment is prohibited at all times in rivers and in rapids and currents of waters with migratory fish, and from 15 April to 31 May in all other waters (s.46(1)(6)).
- Intentional hooking of fish from outside ('rokastus') is always prohibited (s.46(1)(5)); also reaffirmed in municipal rules such as Helsinki.
- Prohibited fishing equipment must not be stored in a vehicle used for fishing or kept readily at hand (s.46(2)).
The Fishing Act does not expressly ban the use of scuba (compressed-air diving) equipment for spearfishing, so scuba is left as 'unknown/not regulated' at national statutory level; however, Finnish spearfishing practice and dive associations treat the sport as strictly freediving (breath-hold) only, and responsible divers do not spearfish on scuba. Confirm any local water-owner conditions.
O que pode capturar
Limites de captura e espécies protegidas
Quotas diárias, tamanhos mínimos e espécies que nunca podem ser capturadas.
Limite diário
Salmon: max 2 per fisher per day. Landlocked salmon in the Vuoksi waterway: 1 per day. No general numeric daily bag limit for all species; species-specific limits, minimum sizes and protections apply.
Tamanhos mínimos
- Salmon (sea)mín 60 cm
- Salmon (Bay of Bothnia, north of 63 deg 30 N)mín 50 cm
- Landlocked salmonmín 60 cm
- Migratory trout / sea trout (without adipose fin, where allowed)mín 50 cm
- Pike-perch (zander / kuha)mín 42 cm
- Grayling (north of 67 deg 00 N)mín 30 cm
- Grayling (south of 67 deg 00 N)mín 35 cm
Espécies protegidas — não capturar
- ProtegidaMigratory trout (sea trout) with adipose fin - fully protected in all sea areas and inland waters south of 64 deg 00 N (must be released)
- ProtegidaLandlocked salmon in the Vuoksi and Hiitolanjoki rivers - fully protected
- ProtegidaSalmon and migratory trout in rivers and streams - protected 1 September to 30 November
- ProtegidaGrayling south of 67 deg 00 N in inland waters - protected 1 April to 31 May
Minimum catch sizes and protection periods are set in the Government Decree on Fishing (1360/2015) as amended and summarised by Metsahallitus/Eraluvat. Figures vary by latitude and water body; verify the exact local figures before fishing.
Quem pode pescar
Visitantes e residentes
Como as regras diferem para visitantes estrangeiros e residentes locais.
Visitantes estrangeiros
PermitidoRequisitos
- Pay the same state fisheries management fee as residents (47 euros/year, 16 euros/7 days, 6 euros/day in 2026) if aged 18-69.
- Obtain the permission of the fishing right holder (water-area owner) for the specific water, the same as residents.
- In public sea water areas and the exclusive economic zone, the recreational fishing right under s.8 is granted to citizens of EEA states who have paid the fee.
Restrições
- Same gear, season, minimum-size and protected-species rules apply as for residents.
- Section 8 public-sea-area recreational fishing right is framed around EEA citizens; non-EEA visitors should rely on the management fee plus water-owner permission and check locally.
No nationality-based spearfishing ban; foreigners are treated essentially the same as residents (pay the fee, get owner permission, follow gear/season/size rules).
Residentes
State fisheries management fee (kalastonhoitomaksu) plus water-owner permission; free for angling and ice fishing under the common right
Requisitos
- Persons aged 18-69 must pay the state fisheries management fee for fishing other than angling/ice fishing (which includes spearfishing).
- Obtain the permission of the holder of the fishing right (water-area owner / fishery association) for the specific water.
- Comply with gear bans (s.46), the 15 April-31 May harpoon closure, minimum sizes and species protections.
Benefícios
- Angling and ice fishing (and Baltic herring rod fishing) are free common rights for everyone (s.7).
- Persons under 18, and persons who turned 65 by 31 December 2023 (transitional), are exempt from the fisheries management fee.
Age exemption was raised by amendment: the management fee now applies to ages 18-69, with a transitional exemption for those who had turned 65 by 31 December 2023. The verbatim 2015 Act text still reads '18 to 64 years' and a fee of 39 euros; current administrative figures (47/16/6 euros, ages 18-69) reflect later decree adjustments.
Onde na costa
Zonas permitidas e proibidas
Áreas designadas abertas ou fechadas à pesca submarina. Veja o panorama completo no mapa interativo.
Áreas permitidas
EEA citizens who have paid the fisheries management fee (and persons under 18 / over the exempt age) may engage in recreational fishing in Finland's exclusive economic zone and public sea water areas (Fishing Act s.8). Spearfishing in these public areas still requires the management fee; in privately owned/shared water areas the permission of the fishing right holder is also required.
Management fee required for ages 18-69; freediving only in practice; harpoon banned 15 Apr-31 May and always in migratory-fish rapids/currents; minimum sizes and species protection apply.
Áreas proibidas
- Rivers, rapids and currents in waters containing migratory fishstatutory no-take / gear-restricted area (migratory fish waters)
Use of a fishgig, harpoon or comparable pointed equipment is prohibited at all times in rivers and in rapids and currents of waters containing migratory fish (Fishing Act 379/2015 s.46(1)(6)).
- Lake Saimaa - Saimaa ringed seal protection areasprotected species habitat (Saimaa ringed seal)
Lake Saimaa is the habitat of the critically endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis). Fishing gear and net restrictions apply in seal areas; spearfishing here is freediving only by local norm. Divers and fishers are urged to avoid disturbing seals. Always check local water-owner and Metsahallitus restrictions before spearfishing in Saimaa.
- Saimaa ringed seal core distribution area - Pihlajavesi (Lake Saimaa)protected species habitat / gear-restricted fishing area
Pihlajavesi basin of Lake Saimaa is a core distribution area of the critically endangered Saimaa ringed seal. The most dangerous fishing methods are banned year-round in the main seal distribution area and a springtime gillnet closure runs 15 April-30 June. Spearfishing here is freediving-only by local norm and water-owner permission plus the state management fee are required; seal-protection gear restrictions apply.
- Hasto-Buso military firing and danger area (Gulf of Finland, Raseborg)military exclusion / firing danger area
The Finnish Defence Forces (Nyland Brigade) use the Hasto-Buso area in the Gulf of Finland off Raseborg for firing with infantry and boat weapons, flares and explosives. During exercises the danger area extends ~15 km seaward (between lines Storsundsharun-Langskar-Langden and Hasto-Buso-Graharun-Aggharuna). Access (and thus diving/spearfishing) is closed during published firing periods; part of the area falls within the Ekenas Archipelago National Park where landing/restricted-area rules also apply.
- Grey seal protection reserves - Archipelago Sea (Saaristomeri)marine seal protection reserve
There are seven seal protection areas in Finnish state-owned sea areas protecting the main moulting and resting islets used by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), totalling ~188 km2; several lie within and around the Archipelago Sea (Saaristomeri) National Park in SW Finland. Landing and access restrictions protect the reserves, and fishers must observe the park's protected/restricted-area rules. Representative point at the Archipelago National Park core.
Condições na água
Condições em tempo real
Instantâneo marinho e meteorológico em tempo real perto de um ponto de referência costeiro em Finland, da Open-Meteo. As condições variam ao longo da costa — encare como indicativo.
Condições marinhas e meteorológicas em tempo real perto de Lake Saimaa - Saimaa ringed seal protection areas.
A quem perguntar
Autoridades
Os organismos oficiais responsáveis pelas pescas e pelo licenciamento.
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Maa- ja metsatalousministerio)
fisheries ministry / legislator
mmm.fikirjaamo.mmm@gov.fiMetsahallitus - Eraluvat (Wildlife and Fishing Permits)
fisheries / permit authority (collects state fisheries management fee, manages State waters)
eraluvat.fieraluvat@metsa.fi, +358 20 69 2424Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (ELY-keskus)
regional fisheries administration / exceptional permits
ely-keskus.fivia regional ELY centre
De onde vem isto
Fontes
Cada afirmação nesta página remete para uma destas referências.
- [01]
Fishing Act (379/2015) - official English translation (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry / Finlex)
Oficialfinlex.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [02]
Fishing Act | 379/2015 | Translations of statutes | Finlex (landing page)
Oficialfinlex.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [03]
Fisheries management fee - Eraluvat (Metsahallitus)
Oficialeraluvat.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [04]
State fishing fees - Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Oficialmmm.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [05]
Minimum catch sizes and protection periods - Eraluvat (Metsahallitus)
Oficialeraluvat.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [06]
Frequently asked questions about fishing - Eraluvat (Metsahallitus)
Oficialeraluvat.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [07]
Fishing Regulations - City of Helsinki (gigging permit; external-hook ban)
Oficialhel.fiConsultado em Jun 14 - [08]
Spearfishing / diving fishing - Saimaan Norpat ry (freediving-only practice; Saimaa)
communitysaimaannorpat.comConsultado em Jun 14 - [09]
Spearfishing in Europe - Law, Rules and Restrictions (Finland section)
Secundáriaharpune.infoConsultado em Jun 14 - [10]
Valtioneuvoston asetus 100/2026 (saalisilmoitus, lajilista) — Finlex
- [11]
Questions and answers on RecFishing — European Commission, DG Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (12 January 2026)
Notas do investigador
Spearfishing is legal in Finland as 'fishing other than angling or ice fishing' but is NOT a free common right. Two things are required for ages 18-69: (1) the state fisheries management fee (47 euros/year, 16 euros/7 days, 6 euros/day in 2026), and (2) permission of the holder of the fishing right (water-area owner) for the specific water, because the management fee alone only grants lure fishing with one rod. Key statutory restriction: Fishing Act 379/2015 s.46(1)(6) prohibits harpoon/fishgig at all times in rivers and in rapids/currents of migratory-fish waters, and from 15 April to 31 May everywhere (a de facto national spring spearfishing closure). Firearms are banned as a fishing method (s.46(1)(2)), so only band-powered/pneumatic spearguns (not firearm/explosive-powered) are lawful. Minimum sizes and species protections (esp. fully protected sea trout, salmon and landlocked salmon closures) apply. The verbatim 2015 Act text quoted in law_texts reads 'persons 18 to 64' and '39 euros'; later decree adjustments raised the fee to 47 euros and the upper age to 69 (with transitional exemption for those who had turned 65 by 31 Dec 2023) - the verbatim figures are preserved as legally enacted, with current administrative figures captured in the license/residents fields. Scuba spearfishing is not expressly prohibited by national statute but is treated as freediving-only by Finnish dive/spearfishing practice; confirmed only as community norm, hence scuba_allowed left null. Local municipal/water-owner rules (e.g. Helsinki, Saimaa seal areas) can add further restrictions and should always be checked. Data confidence is high for the core national legal framework (verbatim from the official Finlex English translation) and medium for current fee/age figures and species tables (official secondary summaries). Inland/freshwater spearfishing: Spearfishing in Finnish inland/freshwater lakes is legally permitted subject to the state fisheries management fee and water-owner permission, outside the national April 15–May 31 seasonal harpoon closure; it is prohibited year-round in rivers, rapids, and currents of waters containing migratory fish — Fishing Act 379/2015 s.46(1)(6) applies equally to inland and marine waters with no freshwater-specific ban on lakes.
Notifiquem-me quando as regras de Finland mudarem
Enviamos-lhe um e-mail quando as épocas ou regulamentação de Finland forem atualizadas no nosso conjunto de dados.